In the present study, the overall economic impact of hull fouling on a mid-sized naval surface ship (Arleigh Burke-class destroyer DDG-51) has been analyzed. A range of costs associated with hull fouling was examined, including expenditures for fuel, hull coatings, hull coating application and removal, and hull cleaning. The results indicate that the primary cost associated with fouling is due ...

and Applied Analysis 3 3. Main Results Throughout this paper, we will consider lattices as complete lattices,X will denote space, and μ is a membership function of any fuzzy set X. Definition 3.1. If m : σ L → R ∪ {∞} satisfies the following properties, then m is called a lattice measure on the lattice σ-algebra σ L . i m ∅ L0. ii For all f, g ∈ σ L such that m f , m g ≥ L0 : f ≤ g ⇒ m f ≤ m g ...

in this article, we develop the distributed order fractional hybrid differential equations (dofhdes) with linear perturbations involving the fractional riemann-liouville derivative of order $0 < q < 1$ with respect to a nonnegative density function. furthermore, an existence theorem for the fractional hybrid differential equations of distributed order is proved under the mixed $varphi$-lipschit...

We show that for every integer k ≥ 2 and every k graphs G1, G2, . . . , Gk, there exists a hull graph with k hull vertices v1, v2, . . . , vk such that link L(vi) = Gi for 1 ≤ i ≤ k. Moreover, every pair a, b of integers with 2 ≤ a ≤ b is realizable as the hull number and geodetic number (or upper geodetic number) of a hull graph. We also show that every pair a, b of integers with a ≥ 2 and b ≥...

In this paper, we study a class of fractional q-differential inclusion order 0 &lt; q 1 under L1-Caratheodory with convex-compact valued properties on multifunctions. By the use existence fixed point for closed contractive multifunction complete metric space which has been proved by Covitz and Nadler, provide solutions problem via some conditions. Also, give couple examples to elaborate our resul...

We provide an explicit description of the convex hull of the set of matrices of bounded rank, restricted to balls for the spectral norm. As applications, we deduce two relaxed forms of the rank function restricted to balls for the spectral norm: one is the quasiconvex hull of this rank function, another one is the convex hull of the rank function, thus retrieving Fazel's theorem (2002). Key-wor...

We study the complexity of computing the mixed-integer hull conv(P ∩ Z ×R) of a polyhedron P . Given an inequality description, with one integer variable, the mixed-integer hull can have exponentially many vertices and facets in d. For n, d fixed, we give an algorithm to find the mixed integer hull in polynomial time. Given P = conv(V ) and n fixed, we compute a vertex description of the mixed-...

We propose a hull operator, the reflex-free hull, that allows us to define a 3D analogue to bays in polygons. The reflex-free hull allows a rich set of topological types, yet for polyhedral input with n edges, it remains a polyhedral set with O(n) edges. This is in contrast to other possible hull definitions that give non-planar surfaces and higher combinatorial complexity. The reflex-free hull...