Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory illness in infants and young children. In order to classify the HPIV isolates circulating in the central part of Thailand, 650 samples obtained from the lower respiratory tract of patients from two hospital pediatric wards during 2010 to 2013, were analyzed for the presence and types of HPIVs by multiplex semi-nes...

Traditionally, immunoglobulin A (IgA) was thought to neutralize virus by forming complexes with viral attachment proteins, blocking attachment of virions to host epithelial cells. Recently we have proposed an intracellular action for dimeric IgA, which is actively transported through epithelial cells by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), in that it may be able to bind to newly synthe...

BACKGROUND As the threat of zoonoses and the emergence of pandemic-prone respiratory viruses increases, there is a need to establish baseline information on the incidence of endemic pathogens in countries worldwide. OBJECTIVES To investigate the presence of viruses associated with influenza-like illnesses (ILI) in Uganda. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in which nasopharyngeal...

BACKGROUND Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are common viral causes of community-acquired pneumonia, particularly in children. The four types of HPIV have world-wide distribution; however, limited information exists about the epidemiological profile of HPIV in Latin-America. OBJECTIVE Provide epidemiologic and phylogenetic information about HPIVs that circulated in Latin America between 20...

We have analysed data on respiratory syncytial (RS) and parainfluenza type 3 (PF3) viruses reported to the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, over the period 1978-87. These confirm the annual winter epidemic of RS virus and show that, in England and Wales, PF3 is a summer infection with regular yearly epidemics.

Some paramyxoviruses form long filamentous virus particles: however, the determinants of filament formation and the role of such particles in virus transmission and pathogenicity are not clearly defined. By using conventional immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that human parainfluenza virus type 2 (HPIV2) forms filamentous particles ranging from 5 to 15 microm in length in virus-infected, ...

Human parainfluenza viruses cause several serious respiratory diseases in children for which there is no effective prevention or therapy. Parainfluenza viruses initiate infection by binding to cell surface receptors and then, via coordinated action of the 2 viral surface glycoproteins, fuse directly with the cell membrane to release the viral replication machinery into the host cell's cytoplasm...

The results of the study of the autopsy materials from 61 patients with the diagnosis of pneumonia received by virological and genetic methods are reviewed. The materials were studied at the Influenza Etiology and Epidemiology Center of the Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, during epidemic seasons 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. The d...

Defensins and surfactant protein A (SP-A) and SP-D are antimicrobial components of the pulmonary innate immune system. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which parainfluenza type 3 virus infection in neonatal lambs alters expression of sheep beta-defensin 1 (SBD-1), SP-A, and SP-D, all of which are constitutively transcribed by respiratory epithelia. Parainfluenza type 3 v...

We used bacteria-derived bovine alpha-interferon I1 (Bo IFN-alpha I1) to study its antiviral effect in a bovine turbinate cell line on bovine diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza 3 virus, and pseudorabies virus. We based our study upon replicate tests for each strain by using a block titration system with various concentrations of Bo IFN-alpha I1 against variou...