The direct conversion of biomass-derived 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and formaldehyde to α-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone (HBL) was achieved through the use of tin(iv) chloride and a small amount of water and the yield reached up to 70%. The reaction mechanism was also investigated by incorporating d2-formaldehyde into the reaction mixtures.

The effects of boron and sulfur impurities on the ideal cleavage fracture properties of Ni3Al under tensile stress are investigated using the full-potential linear-muffin-tin-orbital total-energy method, with a repeated slab arrangement of atoms simulating an isolated cleavage plane. Results for the stress-strain relationship, ideal cleavage energies, ideal yield stress and strains with and wit...

A 3D mechanically stable scaffold is shown to accommodate the volume change of a high-specific-capacity nickel-tin nanocomposite during operation as a Li-ion battery anode. The nickel-tin anode is supported by an electrochemically inactive conductive scaffold with an engineered free volume and controlled characteristic dimensions, which engender the electrode with significantly improved cyclabi...

A facile synthesis of potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, the tacrine analogues 3a-p, has been accomplished by direct cyclocondensation of 1-aryl-4-cyano-5-aminopyrazole with β-ketoesters using tin(IV) chloride as catalyst. The structures of all the compounds have been confirmed by IR, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR.

This paper proposed an integrated system between an eco-driving algorithm and an eco-signal control based on vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, and evaluated the system’s environmental benefits. The system calculates eco-speeds using vehicle information (e.g., current locations, vehicle speeds, and acceleration profiles) and signal information. In addition, the system controls current s...

The effects of TiN-ZrO₂ intermediate layer on the microstructures and magnetic properties of FePt films were investigated. The TiN-ZrO2 intermediate layer was granular consisting of grains of solid solution of Ti(Zr)ON segregated by amorphous ZrO₂. By doping ZrO₂ into TiN intermediate layer, the FePt grains became better isolated from each other and the FePt grain size was reduced. For 20 vol. ...

Nanobelts are a new class of semiconducting metal oxide nanowires. The ribbon-like nanobelts are chemically pure and structurally u w c

The title polymeric mixed-organyl tin hydroxide, [Sn(C(6)H(5))(2)(C(6)H(11))(OH)](n), hass a hydroxide-bridged chain structure; the tin center shows trans-C(3)SnO(2) trigonal bipyramidal coordination. The Sn atom lies on a special position of site symmetry m; the symmetry element relates one phenyl ring to the other and also relates one half of the cyclo-hexyl ring to the other half.