Introduction In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a unique method for non invasive assessment of healthy and pathologic tissue metabolism. Spinal cord (SC) MRS has been reported in human studies [1-4], as well as in rats [5-6], however, no reports have been performed on mice although it should help, in addition to MRI, in the description of the numerous mouse models of SC dis...

Waning immunity could allow transmission of polioviruses without causing poliomyelitis by promoting silent circulation (SC). Undetected SC when oral polio vaccine (OPV) use is stopped could cause difficult to control epidemics. Little is known about waning. To develop theory about what generates SC, we modeled a range of waning patterns. We varied both OPV and wild polio virus (WPV) transmissib...

Semi-continuous Density HMM’s have due to the decoupling between the set of gaussians and the other HMM-parameters more possibilities than Continuous Density HMM’s to match the number of parameters in the model to the available train data. The computational load of the SC-HMM’s however is huge compared to the load of their continuous counterparts, because of the large mixture weighting vector a...

Shared-memory programmers traditionally assumed Sequential Consistency (SC), but modern systems have relaxed memory consistency. Here, the trend in languages is towards Data-Race-Free (DRF) models, where, assuming annotated synchronizations and the program being well-synchronized by those synchronizations, the hardware and compiler guarantee SC. However, legacy programs lack annotations, so eve...

Habit utility has been the focus of a large and growing body of literature in financial economics. This study investigates ways of accurately and efficiently solving the Campbell and Cochrane (1999) external habit model. Solutions for this model based on a grid of values for the state variable are shown to converge as the grid becomes increasingly fine. Convergence is substantially faster if th...