The main regulating systems of thyroid growth are the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and the cAMP signaling pathway. Thyroid papillary carcinoma frequently involves mutations in BRAF or RET/PTC without overlap, which are expected to constitutively activate MAPK signaling. On the other hand, it has been reported that cAMP signaling acts in an inhibitory manner on the p...

The human sperm acrosome reaction (AR) appears to be analogous to various somatic cell exocytotic events. The AR can be induced in vitro by naturally occurring and synthetic compounds, such as, human periovulatory follicular fluid (hFF) and calcium ionophore A23187. The events that culminate in the AR appear to involve at least two second messenger pathways. One pathway involves the generation ...

Carney complex (CNC) is a hereditary disease associating cardiac myxoma, spotty skin pigmentation and endocrine overactivity. CNC is caused by inactivating mutations in the PRKAR1A gene encoding PKA type I alpha regulatory subunit (RIα). Although PKA activity is enhanced in CNC, the mechanisms linking PKA dysregulation to endocrine tumorigenesis are poorly understood. In this study, we used För...

BACKGROUND The vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) is critical in the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia. Several receptors including G-protein coupled prostaglandin receptors have been reported to functionally interact with the TRPV1 through a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway to potentiate TRPV1-mediated capsaicin responses. Such regulation may have significance in inflammatory pai...

We studied interactions between the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway and cAMP-protein kinase (PKA) signaling pathway in regulation of mitogenesis of mesangial cells (MC) determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation, with or without added EGF. Forskolin or dibutyryl cAMP strongly (by 60-70%) inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation into MC. Cilostamide, lixazinone or cilostaz...

BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is a common chronic disease and the etiology remains unclear. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) participates in platelet aggregation and tissue inflammation. In this study, the CXCL1/8 chemokine and TXA2-TP receptor expression in the CRSsNP mucosa was investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Immunohistochemistry, chemokine release assay by ELISA,...

Objective(s): The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy and molecular mechanism of the effect of schisandrin b (SCHB) on treating erectile dysfunction (ED) in a rat model with bilateral cavernous crushing nerve injury. Materials and Methods: The ED rat model was established with bilateral cavernous nerve crushing, and then c...

Protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates Gli proteins, acting as a negative regulator of the Hedgehog pathway. PKA was recently detected within the cilium, and PKA activity specifically in cilia regulates Gli processing. Using a cilia-targeted genetically encoded sensor, we found significant basal PKA activity. Using another targeted sensor, we measured basal ciliary cAMP that is fivefold higher t...

Training in step-down inhibitory avoidance (0.3-mA footshock) is followed by biochemical changes in rat hippocampus that strongly suggest an involvement of quantitative changes in glutamate AMPA receptors, followed by changes in the dopamine D1 receptor/cAMP/ protein kinase A (PKA)/CREB-P signalling pathway in memory consolidation. AMPA binding to its receptor and levels of the AMPA receptor-sp...

Cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and glucocorticoids promote the death of many cell types, including cells of hematopoietic origin. In wild-type (WT) S49 T-lymphoma cells, signaling by cAMP and glucocorticoids converges on the induction of the proapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-family protein Bim to produce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Kin(-), a clonal variant of WT S49 cells, lacks PKA ca...