This paper examines the problem of a moving robot tracking a moving object with its cameras, without requiring the ability to recognize the target to distinguish it from distracting surroundings. A novel aspect of the approach taken is the use of controlled camera movements to simplify the visual processing necessary to keep the cameras locked on the target. A gaze holding system implemented on...

This thesis describes the implementation of and the experimentation with a gaze estimation system based on an approach called the Active Appearance Model (AAM). Active Appearance Models are generative models of a certain visual phenomenon. They can be used to model specific patterns of variability in shape and grey-level appearance, which in turn can be used directly in image interpretation. Ou...

Study of three-dimensional (3D) gaze and depth perception in immersive virtual environment (IVE) systems is an important research area. Several approaches have been proposed, but the usage of gaze-screen information for depth perception measurement in IVE has never been reported. We suggest a new approach using geometric model to measure depth perception in IVE. We extend information from binoc...

In the coming ubiquitous-computing society, an eyegaze interface will be one of the key technologies as an input device. Most of the conventional eyegaze tracking algorithms require specific light sources, equipments, devices, etc. In a previous work, the authors developed a simple eye-gaze detection system using a monocular video camera. This paper proposes a fast eye-gaze detection algorithm ...

Adults use eye contact as a cue to the mental and emotional states of others. Here, we examined developmental changes in the ability to discriminate between eye contact and averted gaze. Children (6-, 8-, 10-, and 14-year-olds) and adults (n=18/age) viewed photographs of a model fixating the center of a camera lens and a series of positions to the left/right or upward/downward and judged whethe...

2 System Setup We propose a non-intrusive eye tracking system intended for the use of everyday gaze typing using web cameras. We argue that high precision in gaze tracking is not needed for on-screen typing due to natural language redundancy. This facilitates the use of low-cost video components for advanced multi-modal interactions based on video tracking systems. Robust methods are needed to ...

One of the most crucial techniques associated with computer vision is technology that deals with the automatic estimation of gaze orientation. In this paper, a method is proposed to estimate horizontal gaze orientation from a monocular camera image using parameters of an Active Appearance Model (AAM) based on linear regression or non-linear regression. The proposed method can estimate horizonta...

This paper proposes an image descriptor, Gabor Directional Binary Pattern (GDBP), for robust gaze estimation. In GDBP, Gabor magnitude information is extracted firstly from a cropped subimage. The local directional derivations are then utilized to encode the binary patterns in the given orientations. As an image descriptor, GDBP can suppress noises and robustness to illumination variations. Mea...

Input methods for interaction in smartphone-based virtual and mixed reality (VR/MR) are currently based on uncomfortable head tracking controlling a pointer the screen. User fixations fast natural input method VR/MR interaction. Previously, eye mobile VR suffered from low accuracy, long processing time, need hardware add-ons such as anti-reflective lens coating infrared emitters. We present an ...