BACKGROUND There is some evidence in the literature that emphasising fish consumption may assist with weight loss. The aim was to assess the effects of advice to consume 2 fish meals per week in a weight loss diet. METHODS A parallel randomised placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 118 obese Australian adults (mean BMI ± SD 31.3 ± 3.5 kg/m2; mean age ± SD 45 ± 10 y; 28% male). Participant...

The first law of thermodynamics dictates that body mass remains constant when caloric intake equals caloric expenditure. It should be noted, however, that different diets lead to different biochemical pathways that are not equivalent when correctly compared through the laws of thermodynamics. It is inappropriate to assume that the only thing that counts in terms of food consumption and energy b...

Lifestyle factors, including diet, have long been recognised as potentially important determinants of cancer risk. In addition to the significant role diet plays in affecting body fatness, a risk factor for several cancers, experimental studies have indicated that diet may influence the cancer process in several ways. Prospective studies have shown that dietary patterns characterised by higher ...

Proportion of disease is growing due to the malnutrition and sedentary life. In this work, a diet list is proposed to the user by calculating the necessary amount of calorie according to gender, weight, height, age and activity level. Diet list are prepared for seven days of a week as divided by six meals. Parameter assessment of users and offering recommendations are made via fuzzy expert syst...

Background Very low carbohydrate ketogenic type diets (VLCKD) have been shown to be more effective for body weight reduction and fat loss compared to balanced or low-calorie Mediterranean diets, at least in the short-medium term [1,2], although the underlying mechanisms of its efficacy are still not well understood. Despite being a diet in widespread use there are few data available regarding e...

OBJECTIVE Association between prostate cancer and obesity remains controversial. Allelic deletions of PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene, are common in prostate cancer in men. Monoallelic Pten deletion in mice causes low prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN). This study tested the effect of a hypercaloric diet on prostate cancer in Pten (+/-) mice. METHODS 1-month old mice were fed a high-cal...

Alarcon et al. (1) recently demonstrated that b-cell insulin secretory dysfunction is rapidly restored by exposure of islets to low-normal glucose ex vivo in db/db mice. The authors allude to the potential clinical relevance for “transient b-cell rest” in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Could transient b-cell rest be accomplished by manipulating diet? Lim et al. (2) have shown that a very low-calorie di...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Moderate maternal calorie-restriction during gestation programmes offspring for a major propensity to develop metabolic alterations in adulthood. We aimed to assess whether increased hepatic fatty-acid oxidation (FAO), at early ages, by gene transfer of Cpt1am (active mutant of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a), may be a strategy for reversing metabolic disturbances associated ...

Mammalian sirtuins have diverse roles in aging, metabolism and disease. Recently we reported a new function for SIRT5 in urea cycle regulation. Our study uncovered that SIRT5 localized to mitochondria matrix and deacetylates carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), an enzyme which is the first and rate-limiting step of urea cycle. Deacetylation of CPS1 by SIRT5 resulted in activation of CPS1 en...

A 33 year old man presented with biliary colic and transient obstructive jaundice. In the 4 weeks preceding admission he had been taking a very low calorie diet (the Cambridge Diet) and celebrated achieving his target weight with a fatty meal on the morning of admission. An ultrasound of the gallbladder suggested biliary sludge. We suggest that he developed the biliary sludge as a consequence o...