Cellular redox balance is maintained by various antioxidative systems. Among those is the thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and NADPH. In the present study, we examined the effects of caloric restriction (2 mo) on the expression of the cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxin system in skeletal muscle and heart of senescent and young rats. Mitochondrial thiore...

We used mice deficient in dopamine beta-hydroxylase [Dbh(-/-)] and their littermate controls [Dbh(+/-)] to examine the role of epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE) in the maintenance of cardiovascular parameters during 7 days of caloric restriction and acute exposure to environmental stress. Cardiovascular parameters of the mice were monitored using blood pressure radiotelemeters at an amb...

Restricting food intake to a level below that consumed voluntarily (85%, 70% and 50% of the ad libitum energy intake for 3 or 30 days) and re-feeding ad libitum for 48 h results in an increase of malic enzyme (ME) gene expression in rat white adipose tissue. The increase of ME gene expression was much more pronounced in rats maintained on restricted diet for 30 days than for 3 days. The changes...

Abbreviations

Throughout history, the prospect of extending the human lifespan—with the ultimate aim of living forever— has been an attractive fantasy. Now, some researchers argue that it will soon be possible to increase our average life expectancy to at least 100 years, if not more, by slowing down the processes of ageing (Guarente & Kenyon, 2000). There are several potential methods for life extension int...

Caloric restriction decreases oxidative damage and extends life span in many organisms. Someya et al. (2010) show that the sirtuin SIRT3 mediates the protective effects of caloric restriction on age-related hearing loss by promoting the mitochondrial antioxidant system through the regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (Idh2).

BACKGROUND The role of dietary restriction regimens such as caloric restriction, ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting in development of cancers has been detected via abundant preclinical experiments. However, the conclusions are controversial. We aim to review the relevant animal studies systematically and provide assistance for further clinical studies. METHODS Literatures on associations...

Caloric restriction and genetic disruption of growth hormone signaling have been shown to counteract aging in mice. The effects of these interventions on aging are examined through age-dependent survival or through the increase in age-dependent mortality rates on a logarithmic scale fitted to the Gompertz model. However, these methods have limitations that impede a fully comprehensive disclosur...

Caloric restriction (CR) extends maximum longevity and slows aging in mice, rats, and numerous non-mammalian taxa. The apparent generality of the longevity-increasing effects of CR has prompted speculation that similar results could be obtained in humans. Longevity, however, is not a trait that exists in a vacuum; it evolves as part of a life history and the physiological mechanisms that determ...

BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that resveratrol (a natural polyphenol) and caloric restriction activate Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and induce autophagy. Furthermore, autophagy is induced by the SIRT1-FoxO signaling pathway and was recently shown to be a critical protective mechanism against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. We aimed to compare the effects of resveratrol and ca...