Essential oils have been used as remedies for a long time in different cultures across the world. However, scientific proof of such application is scarce. We included 72 patients between the ages of 22 and 57 while waiting for dental treatment in our study. The participants were assigned to either a control group (14 men, 23 women) or to an odor group (18 men and 17 women). Ambient odor of oran...

The finding that chewing gum can moderate stress and mood changes following a multi-task cognitive stressor (Scholey et al., 2009) was re-examined. In a repeated measures cross-over design, thirty participants completed a 20-min multi-tasking stressor on consecutive days, both with and without chewing gum. Both prior to and post stressor, participants provided salivary cortisol samples and self...

The activity and the ability of brain to maintain the state of calmness in individuals practicing meditation has been a subject of research from long time. The aim of the study here is to prove that the meditation aids in retaining the state of calmness of brain. A MATLAB based multifaceted framework is developed for analyzing the dataset of brain EEG of people practicing meditation. The propos...

OBJECTIVES The present study examined the effect of chewing gum on sustained attention and associated changes in subjective alertness. METHODS In a within-participants design, 20 participants completed an extended version of the sustained attention response task (SART: Robertson et al., 1997), both with and without chewing gum. Self-rated measures of alertness, contentedness, and calmness wer...

Objective: Lately, the spiritual and religious (S/R) aspect of health behave has been receiving an increased attention in the scientific literature. The study aims to show the components of R/ S coping in cases of cancer in Iran. Method: The design of the current research is according to a qualitative research using content analysis. Sixteen patients with various kinds of cancer take part in th...

Aims We tested the hypothesis that behaviour of an individual is associated with diversity its gut bacteria, using collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) as a model. Methods and Results In all, 24 adult male peccaries received either low- (n = 12) or high-fibre diet to induce contrasting fermentation profiles. They were submitted three short-term challenges, allowing us rate animals in coping-style d...

Abstract In urban areas, the urge to improve acoustic environments has led an increasing interest in soundscape as alternative approach address noise pollution issues. Several studies have shown that can manage unwanted sound and transform it into resource while street context is expected play important role too. Thus, this study aims assess visual perception factors on (appropriateness, calmne...

Over the past decade, the object choice task has been used extensively to test the hypothesis that the ability of dogs to understand human social cues has resulted from the coevolutionary process of domestication (Hare et al., 2002). However, numerous factors can influence performance on this task (Reid, 2009), including artificial selection for attention and cooperation in specific working bre...

We consider the bilevel programming problem and its optimal value and KKT one level reformulations. The two reformulations are studied in a unified manner and compared in terms of optimal solutions, constraint qualifications and optimality conditions. We also show that any bilevel programming problem where the lower level problem is linear with respect to the lower level variable, is partially ...