Even though Marshall Hall's father was a bleacher, in the eyes of many influential members of the medical profession his son always remained something of a black sheep. In the culture of medicine, Hall cottoned on fast: an Edinburgh MD, followed by Nottinghamshire public and private work, followed by a successful transition to London medical practice. After an opening biographical account, each...

Unfortunately, much of the debate between these two positions is characterized by preliminary research reports, hasty examinations of sites, a near absence of published data, and unsystematic and incomplete analyses. This is particularly true when the debate is over claims for early occupation in southern California, a region that has produced more purportedly early material than any other part...

Previous characterization of Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) variants from a single peach calico (PC) isolate showed that PC symptoms are induced by variants with a 12-13 nt insertion at a specific position and folding into a hairpin with a U-rich loop. Here, this study was extended to two other PC isolates. PLMVd variants with insertions similar to those reported previously (type 1), predom...

The genome components of the Melon chlorotic leaf curl virus (MCLCuV) were cloned from symptomatic cantaloupe leaves collected in Guatemala during 2002. The MCLCuV DNA-A and DNA-B components shared their closest nucleotide identities among begomoviruses, at approximately 90 and 81%, respectively, with a papaya isolate of MCLCuV from Costa Rica. The closest relatives at the species level were ot...