Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) plays an important role in tropospheric oxidation chemistry as it is a precursor to the hydroxyl radical (OH). Measurements of HONO have been difficult historically due instrument interferences and difficulties sampling calibration. The traditional calibration method involves generation by reacting hydrogen chloride vapor with sodium nitrite followed quantification...

Abstract The application of absolutely calibrated piezoelectric (PZT) sensors is increasingly used to help interpret the information carried by radiated elastic waves laboratory/in situs acoustic emissions (AEs) in nondestructive evaluation. In this paper, we present methodology based on finite element method (FEM) characterize PZT sensors. FEM-based modelling tool numerically compute true Gree...