introduction & objective: after urinary tract infection and prostatic disorders , the urine stones are the third common genitourinary diseases. demographic, environmental and genetic factors affect urine stone formation. the aim of our study is to survey epidemiologic factors in patients with urinary stones referring to educational hospitals of hamadan during 2010-2013.      materials & methods...

Fat sand rats Psammomys obesus feed exclusively on plants of the family Chenopodiaceae, which contain high concentrations of chloride salts (NaCl, KCl) and oxalate salts. Ingestion of large quantities of oxalate is challenging for mammals because oxalate chelates Ca(2+) cations, reducing Ca(2+) availability. Oxalate is a metabolic end-point in mammalian metabolism, however it can be broken-down...

BACKGROUND Calcium nephrolithiasis is a multifactorial disease with a polygenic milieu. Association studies identified genetic polymorphisms potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of calcium nephrolithiasis. The present article reviews the mechanisms of calcium stone formation and the potential contribution of gene polymorphisms to lithogenic mechanisms. SUMMARY Endoscopy observations sug...

McCrudden’s (1, 2) method has come to be recognized as the best for the accurate determination of calcium. The method is to precipitate the calcium as oxalate in the presence of sufficient ammonium chloride to hold the magnesium oxalate in solution, and of sufficient acid to hold the calcium oxalate partly in solution. Sodium acetate is then added to decrease the acidity and to precipitate the ...

Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles (SRV)' isolated from skeletal muscle retain a highly efficient ATP-dependent Ca t+ transport system (10, 12) . This system plays a key role in the process of excitation-contraction coupling in muscle cells (18) . Oxalate ions strongly enhance active Ca 2+ transport by the formation of calcium oxalate precipitates within the vesicles (10, 12) . In negatively stain...

We investigated the effects of polysaccharides from the brown seaweed Sargassum graminifolium (Turn.) (SGP) on calcium oxalate crystallization, and determined its antioxidant activities. To examine the effects of SGP on calcium oxalate crystallization, we monitored nucleation and aggregation of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals, using trisodium citrate as a positive control. We assessed anti...

The majority of urinary stones in children are composed of calcium oxalate. To investigate the interaction between urinary calcium, oxalate, and citrate as major risk factors for calcium stones formation, their 24-h urinary excretion was determined in 30 children with urolithiasis and 15 normal healthy children. The cutoff points between children with urolithiasis and healthy children, accuracy...

1. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out on data derived from single 24 h urine collections from 246 male idiopathic calcium stone-formers. 2. The daily urine volume and pH and the exretions of calcium, oxalate, phosphate, creatinine and magnesium were related to the time of year when the urine was collected, and the saturation of urine with calcium oxalate and octocalcium phosp...

McCrudden’s (1, 2) method has come to be recognized as the best for the accurate determination of calcium. The method is to precipitate the calcium as oxalate in the presence of sufficient ammonium chloride to hold the magnesium oxalate in solution, and of sufficient acid to hold the calcium oxalate partly in solution. Sodium acetate is then added to decrease the acidity and to precipitate the ...