Abstract Background and Aims Sudan is a large Sub-Saharan country with population of about 48 million people, 41% them under the age 15 years median 18.9 years. To data, no data have been reported on etiology end stage kidney disease (ESKD) in children young adults less than 18 age. Method We conducted chart review all ESKD patients below treated tertiary referral center, Soba University Hospit...

VUR: Vesico Ureteral Reflux; UTI: Urinary Tract Infection; APN: Acute Pyelo Nephritis; UVJ: Uretero Vesical Junction; CND: Common Nephric Duct; UGS: Uro Genital Sinus; BOO: Bladder Outlet Obstructions; PUV: Posterior Urethral Valves; LUTD: Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction; AUA: American Urological Association; RPD: Renal Pelvic Diameter; CAKUT: Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Trac...

Mutations in the RARE and MARE regulatory sequences of HNF1B are not a frequent cause of kidney/urinary tract malformation Sir, Mutations in several genes have been identified in congenital abnormalities of kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT): heterozygous mutations in HNF1β account for 8%, while other genes (PAX2, EYA1, SALL1, SIX1) have been identified as causing isolated renal hypo/dysplasia t...

Mutations in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes are associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). As angiotensin (Ang) II, the principal effector peptide growth factor of the RAS, stimulates ureteric bud (UB) branching in whole intact embryonic (E) metanephroi, defects in UB morphogenesis may be causally linked to CAKUT observed under conditions of disrupte...

This article reviews the majority of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) with emphasis in Pediatric Pathology describing and illustrating lesions as varied as ureteral duplications, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, horseshoe kidney, posterior urethral valve and prune belly syndrome, obstructive renal dysplasia, nonmotile ciliopathies and several syndromes associated ...