Small fields smaller than 4 × 4 cm2 are used in stereotactic and conformal treatments where heterogeneity is normally present. Since dose calculation accuracy in both small fields and heterogeneity often involves more discrepancy, algorithms used by treatment planning systems (TPS) should be evaluated for achieving better treatment results. This report aims at evaluating accuracy of four model-...

AIM To assess the prevalence of high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD, defined as history of acute coronary syndrome [hACS], cerebrovascular atherosclerotic disease [CeVAD], peripheral artery disease [PAD], or coronary artery disease w/diabetes [CADD]) and associated costs and cardiovascular (CV) events in Japan. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted using the Japan...

Over the past few years, substantial effort has been put into the functional annotation of variation in human genome sequence. Indeed, for any genetic variant, whether protein coding or noncoding, a diverse set of functional annotations is available from projects such as Ensembl, ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics. Such annotations can play a critical role in identifying putatively causal variants ...