The cacti are one of the most celebrated radiations of succulent plants. There has been much speculation about their age, but progress in dating cactus origins has been hindered by the lack of fossil data for cacti or their close relatives. Using a hybrid phylogenomic approach, we estimated that the cactus lineage diverged from its closest relatives ≈35 million years ago (Ma). However, major di...

A new species, Cactodera milleri n. sp., is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from roots of common lambsquarter, Chenopodium album L., from Mattawan, Michigan. Cactodera milleri can be differentiated from other Cactodera species by the presence of punctated egg shells and a second-stage juvenile (J2) stylet length averaging 21.8 mum as measured from freshly killed specimens in w...

Future processors will likely have large on-chip caches with a possibility of dedicating an entire die for on-chip storage in a 3D stacked model. With the ever growing disparity between transistor and wire delay, the properties of such large caches will primarily depend on the characteristics of the interconnection networks that connect various sub-modules of a cache. CACTI 6.0 is a significant...

The study of the topological classiication of complex polynomials began in the XIX-th century by Luroth (1871), Clebsch (1873) and Hurwitz (1891). In the works of Zdravkovska 23] and Khovanskii and Zdravkovska 17] the problem is reduced to a purely combinatorial one, that of the study of a certain action of the braid groups on a class of tree-like gures that we, following 14], call \cacti". Usi...