Responses of insect olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) involve an entry of Ca²⁺ through olfactory heterodimeric receptor complexes. In moths, the termination of ORN responses was found to strongly depend on the external Ca²⁺ concentration through the activation of unknown Ca²⁺-dependent Cl⁻ channels. We thus investigated the molecular identity of these Cl⁻ channels. There is compelling evidence ...

We measured $^{35}$Cl abundances in 52 M giants with metallicities between -0.5 $<$ [Fe/H] 0.12. Abundances and atmospheric parameters were derived using infrared spectra from CSHELL on the IRTF optical echelle spectra. Cl by fitting a H$^{35}$Cl molecular feature at 3.6985 $\mu$m synthetic also of O, Ca, Ti, Fe atomic absorption lines. find that [Cl/Fe] ratio for our stars agrees chemical evol...

Elevations of cytoplasmic free calcium concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) evoked by cholinergic agonists stimulate isotonic fluid secretion in salivary acinar cells. This process is driven by the apical exit of Cl(-) through Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels, while Cl(-) enters the cytoplasm against its electrochemical gradient via a loop diuretic-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC) and/or...

Fully biodegradable and surface-functionalized poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) nanoparticles have been prepared by a co-precipitation technique. Novel amphiphilic random copolyesters P(CL-co-γXCL) were synthesized by controlled copolymerization of ε-caprolactone and ε-caprolactone substituted in the γ-position by a hydrophilic X group, where X is either a cationic pyridinium (γPyCL) or a non-ionic hydr...

During acute exacerbations of inflammatory bowel diseases, oxidants are generated through the interactions of bacteria in the lumen, activated granulocytes, and cells of the colon mucosa. In this study we explored the ability of one such class of oxidants, represented by monochloramine (NH(2)Cl), to serve as agonists of Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) accumulation within the colonocyte. Individual colon cryp...

Olfactory masking has been used to erase the unpleasant sensation in human cultures for a long period of history. Here, we show a positive correlation between the human masking and the odorant suppression of the transduction current through the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) and Ca2+-activated Cl- (Cl(Ca)) channels. Channels in the olfactory cilia were activated with the cytoplasmic photolysis o...

Ca(2+) activation of Cl and K channels is a key event underlying stimulated fluid secretion from parotid salivary glands. Cl channels are exclusively present on the apical plasma membrane (PM), whereas the localization of K channels has not been established. Mathematical models have suggested that localization of some K channels to the apical PM is optimum for fluid secretion. A combination of ...

SUMMARY Hipoxia, hipercapnia and pH are known to activate the chemoreceptor cell of the carotid body by inducing membrane depolarisation. It is widely accepted that stimulus-induced depolarisation is due to the inhibition of K + currents. Besides these kation currents that undoubtfully play significant role in the chemotransduction process, chemoreceptor cells also possess anion currents, which...

Using patch-clamp and calcium imaging techniques, we characterized the effects of ATP and histamine on human keratinocytes. In the HaCaT cell line, both receptor agonists induced a transient elevation of [Ca2+]i in a Ca(2+)-free medium followed by a secondary [Ca2+]i rise upon Ca2+ readmission due to store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). In voltage-clamped cells, agonists activated two kinetical...