This paper analyzes the relationship between long-term care provision and the average individual wage rate. In addition, the eff ects of the number of hours spent on caregiving on the probability of employment as well as on the number of hours worked are examined. Data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) of 2004 and 2006 is used to analyze caregiving eff ects on the Europea...

In the present paper we study a semiparametric version of the Generalized Dynamic Factor Model introduced in Forni, Hallin, Lippi and Reichlin (2000). Precisely, we suppose that the common components have rational spectral density, while no parametric structure is assumed for the idiosyncratic components. The parametric structure assumed for the common components does not imply that the model h...

One of the transitions to path intensification production processes is perceptibly low stability details nodes in possession these processes. The stamina small, vindictive, nasampered, rubbing pairs, especially quiet, which works out significant tensions aggressive middles. wear upper balls parts can ruin possession, leads waste energy and material resources. ways solve problem creation functio...

An increasing number of studies have investigated the effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on microbial systems; however, few existing reports have focused on the defense mechanisms of bacteria against NPs. Whether secondary metabolism biosynthesis is a response to NP stress and contributes to the adaption of bacteria to NPs is unclear. Here, a significant induction in the surfactin production and bi...

We review the distributions and functions of mycorrhizas and dark septate root endophytes in polar regions. Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are present in the Arctic and Antarctic to 82 oN and 63 oS, respectively, with fine endophyte being the dominant form of AM in roots at higher latitudes. Ecto(ECM) and ericoid (ERM) mycorrhizas both occur in the Arctic to 79 oN, owing to the presence of species...

The impact of steroid hormones, and particularly estradiol, on human microbiota could be recognized as a substantial part human-microbiota interactions. However, an area that remains poorly investigated is the skin vaginal microbial communities biofilms, which contain non-pathogenic bacteria phyla Firmicutes Actinobacteria, especially probiotic genus Lactobacillus widespread, safe genus, Microc...

Six major challenges confront statistical researchers attempting to quantify accurately the independent effect of neighbourhood context on individuals: (1) defining the scale of neighbourhood; (2) identifying mechanisms of neighbourhood effect; (3) measuring appropriate neighbourhood characteristics; (4) measuring exposure to neighbourhood; (5) measuring appropriate individual characteristics; ...