Overexpression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL is commonly observed in human malignancies and contributes to chemotherapy and radiation resistance. Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL inhibit apoptosis by binding to proapoptotic proteins such as Bax, thereby preventing chemotherapy-induced or radiation-induced release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and subsequent activation of the caspase protea...

Defects in apoptotic pathways can promote cancer cell survival and also confer resistance to antineoplastic drugs. One pathway being targeted for antineoplastic therapy is the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-w, Mcl-1, Bfl1/A-1, and Bcl-B) that bind to and inactivate BH3-domain pro-apoptotic proteins. Signals transmitted by cellular damage (includi...

Purpose of the study. Evaluation expression immunohistochemical tumor markers Ki-67, b-catenin, Bcl-2, P53, connexin 32 and 43 when using 2-(6,8-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-chloroquinoline-2-yl)-5,6,7-trichloro-1,3-tropolone in mice with xenographs squamous cell lung cancer. Materials methods . Subcutaneous PDX models human cancer were created immunodeficient BALB/c Nude mice. A fragment patient’s (3 × ...

The mechanism of action of pro-apoptotic proteins is difficult to study in vivo because of their death effect, which makes it problematic to obtain sufficient homogeneous experimental material for biochemical analysis. We show here that pro-apoptotic genes expressed in Xenopus oocytes constitute a useful in vivo system for studying their mechanism of action. In the present study, we used this s...

in this review we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which the pore-forming bcl-2 family members bax and bak are activated on the mitochondrial outer membrane (mom) in apoptotic cells. we compare the two major working models and conclude that they are both insufficient to explain reality. instead, we need to identify novel binding partners and posttranslational modifications o...