Condition monitoring for water and sewerage pipes is essential the safety of environment, energy conservation human health. This paper focuses on application acoustic ultrasonic techniques detection assessment leaks, blockages defect in buried pipes. The review includes methods (below 20 kHz) based vibration sensing using accelerometers, hydrophones fibre optic sensors, (above propagation bulk ...

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Field experiments for this research were conducted in the northern Nile Delta Kafr ElSheikh governorate. impact of modernization surface irrigation and its performance old lands through modernized Marwa traditional by replacing them with one methods (lined mesqa - buried pipes), was done estimating efficiencies water application rate increase crop productivity per unit most important summer cro...

Buried and operating district heating (DH) pipes are exposed to thermal degradation of their polyurethane (PUR) insulation over time, status is hard assess without excavation. By using DH pipe valves in manholes as measurement points during a shutdown with an ensuing cooling period, non-destructive assessments can be performed. This study compares new improved field measurements numerical simul...

The effects of density on day-time cover preferences of juvenile (100–199 mm total length) shortfinned eels (Anguilla australis Richardson) were tested in replicate channels provided with natural (cobbles, macrophytes, woody debris) and artificial (shade, plastic pipes) cover during summer. The densities used were 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, and 200 eels channel–1 (each channel = 2.4 m2), ...

Abstract—A realistic model of ground soil is developed for the electromagnetic simulation of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) systems. A three dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) algorithm is formulated to model dispersive media using N -term Debye permittivity function with static conductivity. The formulation of the algorithm is based on the concept of the Piecewise Linear Recursiv...

This paper reports on preliminary yet consistent studies and results around the concept of meta-material applied to protection buried gas transmission pipelines. The capacity proposed layout in attenuating dissipating energy induced by a surface explosion is described general terms, then it examined for set nine realistic cases. formulation band gaps, which are considered zones mitigation incid...