The present work focuses on the upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-early Campanian) carbonate successions in selected wells from northwestern Iraq. These are represented by Gir Bir Turonian), Wajna (late Santonian) and Mushorah (early Formations. succession has affected early burial near-surface, unconformity-related deep diagenesis cementation, neomorphism, dolomitization, dedolomitization, silicifi...

Sedimentary deposits yielding extraordinarily-preserved fossils (known as Lagerstätten) may provide significant insights into the physiology and environments of ancient plants, particularly when represent their original characteristics with limited diagenetic modifications. To better understand molecular, isotopic, morphological changes during early stages diagenesis, degradation experiments we...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the last decade, the number of young plants of Ulmus pumila in the Hunshandak Sandland has decreased sharply because of severe sand burial, and their ecological protective function has been weakened. In order to develop an understanding of the tolerance of U. pumila to sand burial and to suggest reasonable measures to protect the sparse-elm-grassland ecosystem, the effect...

Large volumes of carbonate breccia occur in the late syn-rift and early post-rift deposits of the Billefjorden Trough, Central Spitsbergen. Breccias are developed throughout the Moscovian Minkinfjellet Formation and in basal parts of the Kazimovian Wordiekammen Formation. Breccias can be divided into two categories: (i) thick, cross-cutting breccia-bodies up to 200 m thick that are associated w...

Abstract. A nonconformity refers to a hiatal surface located between metamorphic or igneous rocks and overlying sedimentary volcanic rocks. These surfaces are key features with respect understanding the relations among climate, lithosphere tectonic movements during ancient times. In this study, petrological, mineralogical geochemical characteristics of Variscan basement rock as well its Permian...

Glen Torridon (GT) is a recessive-trough feature on the northwestern slope of “Mt. Sharp” in Gale crater, Mars with highest Fe-/Mg-phyllosilicates abundances detected by Curiosity rover to date. Understanding origin these clay minerals and their relationship diagenetic processes critical for reconstructing nature habitability past surface subsurface environments crater. We aim constrain distrib...