The incidence of bullet wounds in civilian trauma has increased in many parts of the world, sometimes approaching epidemic level. For surgeons with limited experience there is a bewildering range of apparently contradictory advice on management. An attempt to clarify this for gunshot injuries of the limbs, without major vascular injury, must include current concepts of ballistic wounding, the p...

l. Overview 2. The Language of Logic and Mathematics 3. Sense, Reference, Compositionality, and hierarchy 4. Frege’s Logic 5. Frege’s Philosophy of Mathematics 5.1. Critique of Naturalism, Formalism, and Psychologism 5.2. Critique of Kant 5.3. Frege’s Definition of Number 5.3.1. Numerical Statements Are about Concepts 5.3.2. But Numbers Are Objects 5.3.3. Objects and Identity 5.3.4. The Number ...

We present the case of a patient who sustained a penetrating injury to the chest caused by an attenuated energy rubber bullet and review the literature on thoracic injuries caused by plastic and rubber "less-lethal" munitions. The patient of this report underwent a right thoracotomy to extract the projectile as well as a wedge resection of the injured lung parenchyma. This case demonstrates tha...

N. S.,?f. 30, a mounted constable in the Etawah District Police, was admitted into the Sudder Dispensary on 16th February 1890, for compound comminuted fracture of the left femur. The history of the case was, that while riding, his revolver accidentally went off, producing these injuries. On admission* there was found one entrance bullet wound situated about middle of outer aspect of left thigh...

Gunshot injuries (GSI) of the cranial area have an extremely high mortality rate. Herein, we present a girl who has been living with a bullet in the posterior sellar region. A 6-year-old girl was admitted with complaints of headache, polyuria and polydypsia, which started after a GSI. At the time of admission the patient's anthropometric, physical and neurological examinations were normal. Urin...

We present an unusual case of a single gunshot to the genitalia in which the bullet trajectory injured the urethra, corpus cavernosum, and both testicles. All injuries were successfully repaired during initial exploration. Our report serves as a reminder to clinicians to have a high index of suspicion in this circumstance and consider immediate exploration of all the injured areas. We also demo...

Gunshot injury to the head is usually mortal, and spontaneous migration of a retained bullet is rare. We report the case of a 23-year-old man with a spontaneously migrated bullet within the brain. Cranial computerized tomography (CT) indicated that the bullet was lodged deeply in the left parietal region. The patient was conscious and had right homonymous hemianopsia. The bullet was close to th...

Elements of Bayesian nonparametric statistical thought are explored in a series of case studies. Interpretation of a measurement as continuous, ordered, polychotomous, or dichotomous provides a framework in which examples are presented. Bayesian analogues to frequentist nonparametrics and overt Bayesian techniques are employed. Examples included are as follows: (1) averaging over families of di...

Bullet embolization of the pulmonary artery is a very rare event. When a bullet enters the pulmonary vasculature, it may cause haemorrhage, thrombosis, sepsis, intimal erosion and eventually occlusion. Locating the bullet with several imaging methods is important to confirm the diagnosis. If due care is taken, the appropriate surgical technique for removing the bullet embolus will be uncomplica...