Treatment of daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) bulbs in a 0.37% formaldehyde water solution at 44 C for 240 minutes is a standard practice in California for management of the stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci. Recent concern over the safety of formaldehyde and growers' requests for a shorter treatment time prompted a reevaluation of the procedure. The time (Y, in minutes) required ...

In order to study the influence of position bulb on hydraulic performance a submersible tubular pump device, based large-scale pumping station, two schemes—involving front-mounted and rear-mounted bulb, respectively—were designed. The scheme uses GL-2008-03 model its conventional guide vane, while optimized design diffuser vane. method combining numerical simulation experimental testing was use...

Observations on hair follicles presented in this paper show that boundaries to junctional communication are formed between groups of cells following different pathways of differentiation. The patterns of junctional communication in the bulbs of rat vibrissa follicles and human hair follicles were studied by microinjection of the fluorescent tracer dye Lucifer Yellow CH. Dye spread was extensive...

Compound action potentials were recorded from rat olfactory receptor neuron axons at measured distances from the stimulation electrode along the lateral surface of the main olfactory bulb. Distances were plotted as a function of the latencies measured from stimulus onset to the prominent negative trough of the triphasic compound action potential. A straight line was fitted to these data to calc...

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a spice crop and valuable economic cultivated in variety of environments around the world. Because its export demand, it extremely important terms foreign exchange. Drought stress, waterlogging heat cold salinity stress all have an impact on onion growth, production, yield different ways. A lack water causes low productivity, therefore to increase yield, constant suppl...

How olfactory sensory neurons converge on spatially invariant glomeruli in the olfactory bulb is largely unknown. In one model, olfactory sensory neurons interact with spatially restricted guidance cues in the bulb that orient and guide them to their target. Identifying differentially expressed molecules in the olfactory bulb has been extremely difficult, however, hindering a molecular analysis...

in this research seed of twelve population of iranian onion were gathered from different part of country (horand ahar, germez rey, goligesa zanjan, germez azarshahr, sefid kashan, zard neishabur, sefid gom, dorche esfahan, sefid neishabur, germez neishabur, sefid fathabad, es hag abad neishabur). the experiment was factorial based on a randomized complete block design (rcbd) was conducted in ag...

While there is evidence that feedback projections from cortical and neuromodulatory structures to the olfactory bulb are crucial for maintaining the oscillatory dynamics of olfactory bulb processing, it is not clear how changes in dynamics are related to odor perception. Using electrical lesions of the olfactory peduncle, sparing output from the olfactory bulb while decreasing feedback inputs t...

Zinc ions are selectively accumulated in certain neurons (zinc-enriched neurons). The mouse olfactory bulb is richly innervated by zinc-enriched terminals. Here, the plasticity of the zincergic system was studied in the olfactory bulb of the Purkinje Cell Degeneration mutant mouse, an animal with specific postnatal neurodegeneration of the main projection neurons of the olfactory bulb. The anal...

one of the most effective ways to propagate lilium is by using tissue culture techniques, preferably through bulblet production. in addition to the surviving percentage of lilium bulbs after transplantation, the small size of in vitro bulblets compared to commercial bulbs and bulblets‟ dormancy are the most important constraints to commercializing lilium micropropagation. different concentratio...