The industrialization of software development induces several changes to the development process as software development becomes distributed over company borders. They cooperatively develop individual components that are later assembled to software systems. This division of responsibilities requires a stricter quality assurance and in fact, creates a setting where the certification of software ...

This study shows that China’s post-1949 state-led industrialization has closely followed an underlying path that began in the late nineteenth century. It was initiated by pressing national defence needs and has since been motivated by the same and strong incentives for a faster catch-up with the West despite radical regime shifts. Government determined or influenced resource allocation benefite...

This study explores how agricultural technology affects the endogenous takeoff of an economy in Schumpeterian growth model. Due to subsistence requirement for consumption, improvement reallocates labor from agriculture industrial sector. Therefore, expands firm size sector, which determines innovation and triggers transition stagnation growth. Calibrating model data, we find that without reallo...

This paper presents a model of industrialization through rural–urban interdependence. It shows how an economy with a low cost share of industrial inputs in agricultural production and a low expenditure share of manufactured goods, together with a limited variety of industrial inputs, can be caught in a low development trap. By escaping from the trap the economy moves toward more roundabout meth...

The increasingly urbanized world together with modernization and industrialization trends has led to the explosive growth of city information. Cities can be considered as data factories that daily produce a huge amount of data from different sources such as people, infrastructure, machines, events, sensors, and smart devices. In the context of Smart City, built environments play an important ro...