We present a broad-brush survey of the phenomenology, history and importance of the electron-cloud effect (ECE). We briefly discuss the simulation techniques used to quantify the electron-cloud (EC) dynamics. Finally, we present in more detail an effective theory to describe the EC density build-up in terms of a few effective parameters. For further details, the reader is encouraged to refer to...

Transport and build-up of tropospheric trace gases during the MINOS campaign: Comparision of GOME, in situ aircraft measurements and MATCH-MPIC-data A. Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, J. Heland, R. Kormann, R. v. Kuhlmann, M. G. Lawrence, J. Meyer-Arnek, A. Richter, F. Wittrock, H. Ziereis, and J. P. Burrows Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germ...

The appearance of the upper anterior teeth in the preoperative situation was unsatisfactory. Tooth 11 looked particularly unattractive. Neither its shape nor its shade satisfied the standards of a high-quality dental restoration. In order to obtain a clearer picture of the preoperative situation, a greyscale image was produced (Figure 1). This image illustrates the insufficient brilliancy as we...

’ university’s legendary debating society) a week after that. Coaches were to carry the Oxford students to the London event, and protests had to be organised for Clegg’s visit. As the capital greeted thousands of students from across the UK on a bright crisp November morning, the news emerged that Clegg had cancelled his visit to Oxford “due to an unfortunate clash of diaries”. The Oxford stude...

0022±2836/98/380495±10 $30.00/0 The lac operon of Escherichia coli is positively regulated by the catabolite activator protein (CAP) bound upstream of the ÿ45 region (CAP binding is centered at ÿ61.5; the ÿ45 region extends from ÿ50 to ÿ38). Certain mutations within the ÿ45 region generate sequences that resemble UP elements in base composition and mimic the stimulation by the rrnBP1 UP element...