OBJECTIVES This study examined the associations among self-care or mobility limitations, use of assistive devices or personal help, and well-being while giving special attention to 3 dimensions of well-being and older adults' educational attainment. METHOD The analysis was based on 4,456 community-dwelling older adults with self-care or mobility limitations who completed interviews in the fir...

This article describes the prevalence, assessment, and treatment of, as well as characteristics associated with, mobility limitation in 343 residents with dementia in 45 assisted living facilities and nursing homes. Overall, 89% of residents had some degree of mobility limitation. Mobility limitation was associated with fewer behavioral symptoms, low fluid intake, professional assessment, and p...

BACKGROUND The association between low socioeconomic status and poor physical functioning has been well described; biomedical factors may play an important role in explaining these differences. This study examines the association between socioeconomic status and incident mobility limitation in well-functioning older adults, and seeks to determine whether this link could be explained by biomedic...

OBJECTIVES To examine gender and regional differences in health expectancies based on the measure of mobility. METHODS Health expectancies by gender and region were computed by Sullivan's method from the fourth Thai National Health Examination Survey (2009). A total of 9,210 older persons aged 60 years and older were included. Mobility limitation was defined as self-reporting of ability to pe...

Why do forest productivity and biomass decline with elevation? To address this question, research to date generally has focused on correlative approaches describing changes in woody growth and biomass with elevation. We present a novel, mechanistic approach to this question by quantifying the autotrophic carbon budget in 16 forest plots along a 3300 m elevation transect in Peru. Low growth rate...

We consider the following budgeted online assignment (BOA) problem motivated by crowdsourcing. We are given a set of offline tasks that need to be assigned to workers who come online from the pool of types {1, 2, . . . , n}. For a given time horizon {1, 2, . . . , T}, at each instant of time t, a worker j arrives from the pool in accordance with a known probability distribution [pjt] such that ...

Viruses are incapable of autonomous energy production. Although many experimental studies make it clear that viruses are parasitic entities that hijack the molecular resources of the host, a detailed estimate for the energetic cost of viral synthesis is largely lacking. To quantify the energetic cost of viruses to their hosts, we enumerated the costs associated with two very distinct but repres...

This article presents an integrated approach to optimize cost while respecting the customer perception of a product using a modified Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. This QFD method helps a design team to determine the effect of various design strategies for customer satisfaction. The new QFD method uses a two-phased approach for finding an optimum design strategy. During the first pha...

This paper studies, theoretically and empirically, how entrepreneurs, heterogeneous in how much they are able to contribute to a joint business, organize in partnerships. The theoretical part demonstrates that, for a wide range of economically plausible production technologies, (i) moral hazard and / or budget balancing, both common in joint production, have no impact on the structure of such e...

This paper provides evidence that some cities subject to a statewide tax limit manipulate their mix of productive and administrative services in an attempt to get voters to override the statewide limit. When a statewide limit reduces a city’s budget, one manipulative response is to cut “service” inputs (for example, teachers or uniformed police officers) by a relatively large amount, while cutt...