Abstract Poplar is raw material for various panel, paper and fiber products. The 12 sample trees of clone Nanlin-895 from four spacings were destructively harvested after thirteen growing seasons to assess the influence spacing on radial growth wood properties. Spacing significantly affected tree-ring width basic density ( p < 0.05) but not traits. highest diameter at breast height (1.3 m) w...

Wood density is well known to vary between tree species as within and trees of a certain depending on the growing environment causing uncertainties in forest biomass carbon storage estimation. This has created need develop novel methodologies obtain wood information over multiple communities, landscapes, ecoregions. Therefore, aim this study was evaluate dependencies structural characteristics ...

the effects of dietary supplementation of grape seed extract (gse) and vitamin c on carcass characteristics, gut morphology and ileal microflora in broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress were examined. experimental diets included a control diet (without additive), 3 levels of gse (150, 300, 450 mg/kg of diet), and vitamin c (300 mg/kg of diet). each of the five diets was fed to 5 repli...

We construct a polynomial-time algorithm to approximate the branch-width of certain symmetric submodular functions, and give two applications. The first is to graph “clique-width”. Clique-width is a measure of the difficulty of decomposing a graph in a kind of tree-structure, and if a graph has clique-width at most k then the corresponding decomposition of the graph is called a “k-expression”. ...

This study examined branch diameter, number of whorls, and branches in the lower 2 m stems white spruce growing pure stands mixture with a range densities trembling aspen. Data were collected from two sites located north Big River Saskatchewan, which regenerated following clearcutting 1992 thinned 1996 to five aspen densities. Results show significant decreases diameter at breast height (DBH), ...

There are several reasons why this book might be of interest to a TEX user. First, LTEX has a prominent place in the book. Second, the book describes a very interesting offshoot of literate programming, a topic traditionally popular in the TEX community. Third, since a number of TEX users work with data analysis and statistics, R could be a useful tool for them. Since some TUGboat readers are l...