We evaluated the effectiveness of metallic shields that were used for reduction of the breast dose in thoracic computed tomography(CT). For the evaluation, we measured breast surface dose and image standard deviation(SD)in the lung area. The metallic shields were made from bismuth, zinc, copper, and iron. The bismuth shield has been marketed and used for dose reduction. The other three metallic...

Several large, prospective trials have evaluated tamoxifen compared with placebo for breast cancer risk reduction in women at increased risk for breast cancer. Analysis of the large, prospective breast cancer risk-reduction trials that used tamoxifen estimated that tamoxifen decreased breast cancer incidence by 38% on average and estrogen receptor-positive tumors by 48%. Tamoxifen is known to h...

Background: Breast is one of the main radiological sensitive organs, hence it is important to evaluate absorbed dose to this organ especially to the glandular parts. It is the aim of this study to measure mean glandular dose and image contrast in terms of different mammographic parameters. Materials and Methods: In this study two mammography machines located at Said-al Shohada (Giotto) ...

BACKGROUND Many young women are satisfied with their large breasts but suffer from sagging due to heaviness. In this article we present a novel modification of vertical scar breast reduction based on a special indication. METHODS From January 2006 to May 2012, twenty five individual patients underwent operation using modified technique with superior pedicle and vertical scar. Young women betwee...

introduction: the extreme reduction in breast milk intake during the first days of life leads to weight loss, kidney failure and hypernatremia. the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between hypernatremia in neonates and way of maternal breastfeeding in hospitalized infants in ghaem hospital of mashhad.   materials and methods: after obtaining parental consent, 687 infants referr...

BACKGROUND The effect of surgery on the level of the inframammary crease, a long-standing landmark in cosmetic breast surgery, has not been previously investigated. There has been speculation that breast augmentation may lower this level and that vertical mastopexy may raise it, but no confirmation of these opinions has been published. OBJECTIVES The author measured the preoperative and posto...

BACKGROUND Almost half a million breast reduction surgeries are performed internationally each year, yet it is unclear how this type of surgery impacts breastfeeding. This is particularly important given the benefits of breastfeeding. OBJECTIVES To determine if breast reduction surgery impacts breastfeeding success and whether different surgical techniques differentially impact breast feeding...

background: breast cancer is the most incident cancer and the fifth cause of death due to malignancies among iranian women. a strong breast cancer patients' sense of meaning and purpose in life appears to decrease anxiety in their life. the present study has investigated the effectiveness of group logotherapy on the reduction of anxiety in women with breast cancer. methods: the research was qua...

abstract   the perfect method for breast reconstruction would be safe, reliable, reproducible, applicable to all patients, and would have no donor site morbidity. the ideal reconstructed breast would provide symmetric, permanent, and natural results. there has been development and refinement of autogenous methods of breast reconstruction throughout the literature. the tram flap remains the most...

It is uncommon to find palpable breast masses in young patients. Generally, such masses are benign. Juvenile fibroadenoma is the most frequent benign tumour of the breast. The present report describes a case involving a 17-year-old girl with unilateral right breast hypertrophy, for whom resection and breast reduction was effectively achieved.Resection was combined with an aesthetically pleasing...