Nanoscale titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) has been widely used in industry and medicine. However, the safety of nano-TiO2 exposure remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the liver, brain, and embryo toxicity and the underlying mechanism of nano-TiO2 using mice models. The results showed that titanium was distributed to and accumulated in the heart, brain, spleen, lung, and kidney of mice aft...

Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins; therefore, exposure to BPA is increasing every day. BPA has toxic effects on various human tissues. Curcumin, a yellow polyphenol, is the active turmeric ingredient. It is an efficacious and safe compound with multiple pharmacological activities including antioxidant, ant carcinogenic, ant proliferative, an...

stachys lavandulifolia is used as the herbal tea and its wide and potent medical effects have been reported for the extract in animal studies. this study aimed to find the safety profile of the extract to find the appropriate doses for further human studies. the aerial parts of the plant were air-dried and the hydroalcoholic extract was obtained and concentrated by percolation method with 140 m...

BACKGROUND Xenobiotics may exert their toxic effects on tissues directly or after they have been metabolized. Increased reactivity of xenobiotics owing to their conversion to electrophiles, free radicals, nucleophiles and redox-active reactants may also contribute to toxicity. PURPOSE The present study attempts to investigate the possible "lipid peroxidation/free radical generation" mechanism...

The goal of brain drug targeting technology is the delivery therapeutics across blood barrier (BBB), including human BBB. Nose to has received a great deal attention as non- invasive, convenient and reliable system. For systemic targetedadministration drug. various deliveries through some transport pathways, Factor influencing nasal absorption, formulation strategies nose brain, colloidal carri...

Objectives In radiation therapy, the field-in-field (FIF) technique is used to prevent administration of unnecessarily high doses reduce toxicity. Recently, FIF has been for whole brain irradiation (WBI). Using technique, volume that receives a higher than prescribed dose (hotspot) can be largely reduced; however, treatment planning requires time. Therefore, burden on planners, we propose semia...

This study investigated whether the inclusion of a matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) responsive sequence in self-assembled peptide-based brain-targeting nanoparticles (NPs) would enhance blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration when MMP-9 levels are elevated both brain and blood circulation. Brain-targeting peptides were conjugated at N-terminus to MMP-9-responsive peptides, these lipid moiety (c...

Background: The therapeutic potential of honey is related to antioxidant activity against reactive oxygen species because it contains compounds such as polyphenols; therefore, we evaluated the potential protective effect of honey on subacute toxicity of ACR by histopathologic study on tissue lesions in rat. Methods: In Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, 2016, male Wistar rats were ...

In 2017, the Food and Drug Administration published a safety recommendation to limit exposure general anesthesia as much possible below age of three. Indeed, several preclinical clinical studies have questioned toxicity on developing brain. Since then, recent tried mitigate this alarming issue. What is true, what false? Contrary some perceptions, debate not over yet. Only stronger translational...

Ca2+ toxicity remains the central focus of ischemic brain injury. The mechanism by which toxic Ca2+ loading of cells occurs in the ischemic brain has become less clear as multiple human trials of glutamate antagonists have failed to show effective neuroprotection in stroke. Acidosis is a common feature of ischemia and is assumed to play a critical role in brain injury; however, the mechanism(s)...