objective: torticollis is a symptom that can be related to different pathological mechanisms ranging from simple to life-threatening conditions. here we report a child with torticollis caused by a neuroenteric cyst in the upper cervical region; this is a very rare condition in childhood and  in this case, it was successfully resolved by surgery. clinical presentation: a 2.5 year old boy present...

ment was with moderate doses of insulin, despite the enormously raised blood-sugar levels, and 0 45% saline infusions. Besides the physiological, biochemical, and clinical approaches to diabetes, another way in which the problem has been studied is with epidemiological techniques.8 One of the many interesting facts to emerge from this type of investigation is the relative impairment of glucose ...

An area of special challenge, is the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), which is formed between the brain stem and the cerebellum, because of the close proximity of major nerve trunks and blood vessels. Acoustic tumours account for approximately 80% of CPA tumours, and surgery involves risk primarily to the facial nerve the motor nerve of facial expression, and the cochlear nerve the sensory nerve o...

Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM), including somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), and transcranial electric motor (MEP), had been utilized during brain or spine surgery to identify neurologic deficits. But some deficits, such as abulia, could not be detected through routine IONM. MEP SEP might monitor non-motor sensory lesions surgery. We experienced a 72-year-old case with an ...

Advances in the fields of molecular and translational research, oncology, and surgery have emboldened the medical community to believe that intrinsic brain tumors may be treatable. Intraoperative imaging and brain mapping allow operations adjacent to eloquent cortex and more radical resection of tumors with increased confidence and safety. Despite these advances, the infiltrating edge of a neop...

Objective(s): Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) causes brain inflammation that ultimately causes long time brain function disturbances. We aimed to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid (EA) on anxiety, depression, locomotion behaviors, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, brain edema, and inflammation in male rats with cerebral I/R. Materials and ...

introduction: the septal region is part of the telencephalon and is a component of the limbic system. the lateral septal area (ls); largest nuclear mass in this region, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes, such as aggression, emotion, thermoregulation, water and food intake and sexual behaviour. to support the functional analysis of this brain area in the rat, the sources of...