Epilepsy is neurological disorders that afflict many people around the world with a higher prevalence rate in children and in low income countries. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is result from hippocampal sclerosis is a neurological disorder with difficult treatment. Stem cells can transform into any type of cells such as glial cells, consequently stem cells can use for medical treatment. Stem c...

This study presents direct evidence that in Xenopus laevis embryos ipsi- and contralaterally descending reticulospinal fibers from the caudal brain stem project to the spinal cord, where they directly contact primary motoneurons. At stage 30, occasional contacts between primary motoneurons and descending axons are present. These contacts are possibly already functional since presynaptic vesicle...

BACKGROUND Spontaneous circulation returns to less than half of adult cardiac arrest victims who received in-hospital resuscitation. One clue for this disheartening outcome arises from the prognosis that asystole invariably takes place, after a time lag, on diagnosis of brain stem death. The designation of brain stem death as the point of no return further suggests that permanent impairment of ...

conclusions according to our results, silymarin injection caused significant differentiation of mscs to neurons and neuroglia that could be a promising approach for treating a variety of brain injuries. results expression of cd29 and cd90 markers that are characteristic of bmmscs were confirmed by flow cytometry experiments. the data demonstrated that proliferation and number of progenitor cell...

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) is a specialized non fenestrate barrier that formation by the endothelial cells and controls the transportation of the cells and molecules in to the brain. Reducing in function of BBB is one of disruptions in neurological diseases like multiple sclerosis. Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) help to the BBB to control the diapedesis of inflammatory cells & molecules in to...

Background: Brainstem hemorrhage was first described by Cheyne in 1812 in a pathological study of patients presenting with lethargy and coma. In 1877 Bode reviewed the findings of 67 patients reported in the literature (1). In the United States, the incidence of closed head injury is estimated to be approximately 200 cases per 100,000 persons per year. The financial burden of head injuries in...