Herophilus (ca. 330 to ca. 260 BC) was one of Hellenistic -Alexandria's renowned scholars, a leading physician, often named the 'Father of Anatomy'. From cadaveric dissections and possibly vivisection Herophilus considered the ventricles to be the seat of the soul, intelligence and mental functions. Herophilus introduced the term rete mirabile found in ungulates but not in man, as opposed to Ga...

The first goal of this study was to examine bilateral effects of reflex activation of sympathetic nerves on the cerebral circulation. Seizures, which activate sympathetic nerves, were induced in animals with intact nerves and after bilateral cervical sympathetic denervation. Increases in cerebral blood flow (microspheres) and decreases in cerebral vascular resistance were similar in denervated ...

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory of the central nervous system (CNS) known for its predilection spinal cord, optic nerves, and brainstem. However, headache more specifically idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) unusual presentation disease. Here, we present a 40-year-old female, who initially presented in our department neurology with refractory headache, ...

CSF outflow through the cribriform plate near the olfactory nerves and the outflow along brain and spinal nerves are together known as peripheral CSF outflow pathway (PCOP). It is still not clear whether the PCOP has pathogenetic relevance. Our previous clinical observations have indicated that CSF may interact with nerves along the PCOP and in this article we present our finding of CSF outflow...

Although the nudibranch mollusc Tritonia diomedea orients to the geomagnetic field, the anatomical site and the mechanism of the geomagnetic transducer are not known. Previous work on semi-intact preparations of Tritonia diomedea in which the brain is intact and nerve connections to the periphery are maintained showed that identifiable pedal ganglion neurons Pd5 fired an increased number of act...

We previously showed that motor nerves are superior to sensory nerves in promoting axon regeneration after spinal root avulsion. It is, however, impractical to use motor nerves as grafts. One potential approach to enhancing axonal regeneration using sensory nerves is to deliver trophic factors to the graft. Here, we examined the regulation of receptors for brain-derived neurotrophic factor, gli...

neurolymphomatosis is a rare manifestation of non-hodgkin lymphoma characterized by infiltration of peripheral nerves, nerve roots, plexus and cranial nerves by malignant lymphocytes. this report presents positron emission tomography/computed tomography (pet/ct)imaging with 2-deoxy-2-18f-fluoro-d-glucose (18f-fdg) in 3 cases of non-hodgkin lymphoma with nerve infiltration, including one newly d...

Infectious prion aggregates can propagate from extraneural sites into the brain with remarkable efficiency, likely transported via peripheral nerves. Yet not all prions spread into the brain, and the physical properties of a prion that is capable of transit within neurons remain unclear. We hypothesized that small, diffusible aggregates spread into the CNS via peripheral nerves. Here we used a ...

We report an unusual cause of leptomeningeal MR enhancement, amyloid, along the surfaces of the spinal cord and brain stem and in the spinal subarachnoid space, with sacral intradural and epidural deposition. Type I familial amyloid polyneuropathy may cause amyloid deposition along the leptomeninges of the spinal cord and brain in addition to the visceral organs and the peripheral somatic and a...

The effect of acute cerebral occlusion on the distribution of cerebral perivascular nerves containing catecholamine, neuropeptide Y, and vasoactive intestinal peptide was studied in the three commonly used rat models of cerebral ischemia: Unilateral permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion induced with an intraluminal thread technique; unilateral MCA occlusion produced by extraluminal e...