Serotonergic fibers project to the hippocampus, a brain area previously shown to have distinctive changes in electroencephalograph (EEG) activity during entrance into and arousal from hibernation. The EEG activity is generated by pyramidal cells in both hibernating and nonhibernating species. Using the brain slice preparation, we characterized serotonergic responses of these CA1 pyramidal cells...

Recent research indicates gender differences in the impact of stress on decision behavior, but little is known about the brain mechanisms involved in these gender-specific stress effects. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine whether induced stress resulted in gender-specific patterns of brain activation during a decision task involving monetary reward...

immersion in cold water causes bradycardia.4 These effects may occur during burial in an avalanche of snow. Hypothermia often.occurs in burial in an avalanche. The face is often the only area unprotected by clothing and in direct contact with the snow, which may be important as it is the face that triggers the diving reflex. This is unlike immersion in cold water, when cooling is more uniform. ...

Although systemic cooling had recently been reported as effective in improving the neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury, several problems are associated with whole-body cooling. The present study was conducted to test the effectiveness of brain cooling without interference with the core temperature in rats after fluid percussion traumatic brain injury (TBI). Brain dialysates ischem...

Background: Physiological fatigue can be defined as a reduction in the force output and/or energygenerating capacity of skeletal muscle after exertion, which may manifest itself as an inability to continue exercise or usual activities at the same intensity. A typical example of a fatigue-related disorder is chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), a disabling condition of unknown etiology and with uncer...

Isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) were prepared from adult and embryonic Wistar rat whole brains or isolated brain areas following the procedure described by Edelmann et al. (1995). Mostly, pregnant female rats and their embryos were used, although synaptosomes were also occasionally prepared from male rats. Usually, one rat was sufficient for a synaptosomal preparation. The rat was anaes...

22 Effect of Costus speciosus and Wedelia chinensis on Brain Neurotransmitters and Enzyme Monoamine Oxidase Following Cold Immobilization Stress Nitin Verma * and R .L. Khosa Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Partapure Bypass Road Meerut250103, U.P. India ____________________________________________________________________________...

Effect of alcoholic extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia was studied on elevated blood glucose level in alloxan treated animals. The extract reduced the blood sugar level raised by alloxan. Effect of alcoholic extract was also investigated on cold restraint induced stress and on scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Alcoholic extract enhanced brain gamma-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA) levels and ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of neuronal remodeling and repair after cold injury-induced brain edema using immunoassays of nestin, 3CB2, and TUC-4. Male ddN strain mice were subjected to cold-induced cortical injury. Animals were divided into the following 6 groups: 1) 1-day after injury, 2) 1-week after injury, 3) 2-weeks after injury, 4) 1-month after injury, 5) sh...