A recent criticism that the biological species concept (BSC) unduly neglects phylogeny is examined under a novel modification of coalescent theory that considers multiple, sex-defined genealogical pathways through sexual organismal pedigrees. A competing phylogenetic species concept (PSC) also is evaluated from this vantage. Two analytical approaches are employed to capture the composite phylog...

We introduce braided Lie bialgebras as the infinitesimal version of braided groups. They are Lie algebras and Lie coalgebras with the coboundary of the Lie cobracket an infinitesimal braiding. We provide theorems of transmutation, Lie biproduct, bosonisation and double-bosonisation relating braided Lie bialgebras to usual Lie bialgebras. Among the results, the kernel of any split projection of ...

∗-structures on quantum and braided spaces of the type defined via an R-matrix are studied. These include q-Minkowski and q-Euclidean spaces as additive braided groups. The duality between the ∗-braided groups of vectors and covectors is proved and some first applications to braided geometry are made.

Let A be a Hopf algebra in a braided category C. Crossed modules over A are introduced and studied as objects with both module and comodule structures satisfying a compatibility condition. The category DY (C)AA of crossed modules is braided and is a concrete realization of a known general construction of a double or center of a monoidal category. For a quantum braided group (A,A,R) the correspo...