We found that a carbonic anhydrase, YadF, is essential for cell growth in the absence of another carbonic anhydrase, CynT, in Escherichia coli. However, mutant strains lacking both of them grew at high CO2 concentrations (5%), where non-enzymatic mechanisms generate HCO3-. This suggests that these carbonic anhydrases are essential because they maintain HCO3- levels at ambient CO2 concentrations.

Carbonic anhydrase plays a key role in CO2 transport, acid-base and ion regulation and metabolic processes in vertebrates. While several carbonic anhydrase isoforms have been identified in numerous vertebrate species, basal lineages such as the cyclostomes have remained largely unexamined. Here we investigate the repertoire of cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrases in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marin...

Metformin has emerged as the most widely prescribed antidiabetic medication for the management of type 2 diabetes. Among the widely accepted mode of its action, is reduction of hepatic glucose production. The risk of lactic acidosis is common with metformin usage. Recent data revealed that Metformin, in addition to its glucose reduction action, might be responsible for specifically inducing lac...

Thionins are shown to form disulphide linkages with other proteins. The reaction with bacterial enzymes beta-glucuronidase and neomycin phosphotransferase II could be prevented and reversed with dithiothreitol and blocked with N-ethylmaleimide. Other cysteine-rich low-molecular-weight toxic peptides from plants (LTP-3 from barley and P19 from potato) did not react as the thionins. Certain cyste...

This study describes the relationship between nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, sodium nitroprusside, and carbonic anhydrase I, as well as the involvement of this carbonic anhydrase I in vasodilation. Two groups of coronary patients and a group of rabbits underwent treatment with the above-mentioned vasodilating drugs. The activity of red blood cell carbonic anhydrase was monitored and deter...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness and associated costs of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors + beta-blocker versus alpha-2 adrenergic agonists + beta-blocker in glaucoma therapy, as documented by The United Kingdom General Practitioner Research Database (UK-GPRD). RESEARCH DESIGN Patient chart analysis. METHODS Patient records were screened for diagnoses of ocular hypertension or glaucoma, ...

In the mosquito midgut, luminal pH regulation and cellular ion transport processes are important for the digestion of food and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. pH regulation in the mosquito gut is affected by the vectorial movement of the principal ions including bicarbonate/carbonate and protons. As in all metazoans, mosquitoes employ the product of aerobic metabolism carbon dioxide in its...

CA1 pyramidal cells were recorded in rat hippocampal slices. In the presence of carbonic anhydrase activators, comicrostimulation of cholinergic inputs from stratum oriens and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inputs from stratum pyramidale at low intensities switched the hyperpolarizing GABA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials to depolarizing responses. In the absence of the activato...