During solar maximum conditions, the heliosphere is highly structured on all spatial scales. It is the purpose of this paper to summarize our current understanding of these structures from global scales to mesoscale, a fraction of 1 AU. We use theoretical considerations, in situ observations near Earth and the Ulysses spacecraft, and global heliosphere calculations to discuss the effects on bot...

We demonstrate that at long times the rate of passive scalar decay in a turbulent, or simply chaotic, flow is dominated by regions where mixing is less efficient. We examine two situations. The first is of a spatially homogeneous stationary turbulent flow with both viscous and inertial scales present. It is shown that at large times scalar fluctuations decay algebraically in time at all spatial...

We present a mathematical and numerical framework for thin-film fluid flows over planar surfaces including dynamic contact angles. In particular, we provide algorithmic details an implementation of higher-order spatial temporal discretisation the underlying free boundary problem using finite element method. The corresponding partial differential equation is based on thermodynamically consistent...

Cell biologists are interested in how complexity arises from the interaction of different molecules. However, cells are many orders of magnitude larger than the protein-binding interfaces. To bridge these vast difference in scales, biologists construct hierarchies of organization of cellular structures. I describe how systems biology provides an approach to bridge these different scales.

We derive a physiologically structured multiscale model for biofilm development. The model has components on two spatial scales, which induce different time scales into the problem. The macroscopic behavior of the system is modeled using growth-induced flow in a domain with a moving boundary. Cell-level processes are incorporated into the model using a so-called physiologically structured varia...

The role of stagnant zones in hydrodynamic dispersion is studied for creeping flow through a fixed bed of spherical permeable particles, covering several orders of characteristic time and length scales associated with fluid transport. Numerical simulations employ a hierarchical model to cope with the different temporal and spatial scales, showing good agreement with our experimental results on ...

in this work the mathematical model of a spatial pattern inchemical and biological systems is investigated numerically. theproposed model considered as a nonlinear reaction-diffusionequation. a computational approach based on finite difference andrbf-collocation methods is conducted to solve the equation withrespect to the appropriate initial and boundary conditions. theability and robustness o...

In this study, nonlinear vibration of axially moving strings in thermal environment is investigated. The vibration haracteristics of the system such as natural frequencies, time domain response and stability states are studied at different temperatures. The velocity of the axial movement is assumed to be constant with minor harmonic variations. It is presumed that the system and the environment...

The hippocampal formation has been associated with a wide variety of functions including spatial navigation and planning, memory encoding and retrieval, relational processing, novelty detection, and imagination. These functions are dissimilar in terms of their behavioral consequences and modality of representation. Consequently, theoretical standpoints have focused on explaining the role of the...