The effects of X-ray irradiation on the bound water of living tissues, such as rat muscle, liver tissue, red cells and mouse thymus tissue were studied by the vapor pressure method. The amount of bound water in various living tissues after irradiation changed appreciably from that in normal tissues. The experimental data were analyzed on the basis of the BET theory. The alteration in bound wate...

In an attempt to understand the initial stage of seed imbibition-the wetting stage-we have examined water binding in dry soybean cotyledon tissue using water sorption isotherm curves. The sorption isotherms show three levels of water affinity: a region of strongly bound water at moisture contents below 8%, a region of weakly bound water at moisture contents between 8 and 24%, and a region of ve...

In this work we investigate different forms of electron binding in the mass-selected and cooled nucleobases uracil, thymine and cytosine and their water clusters. In photodetachment–photoelectron spectra of the pyrimidine nucleobases, Ž . Ž . Ž . sharp structures were found at 86"8 meV uracil , 62"8 meV thymine and 85"8 meV cytosine , which are due to photodetachment of dipole-bound states. The...

Water-mediated ligand interactions are essential to biological processes, from product displacement in thymidylate synthase to DNA recognition by Trp repressor, yet the structural chemistry influencing whether bound water is displaced or participates in ligand binding is not well characterized. Consolv, employing a hybrid k-nearest-neighbors classifier/genetic algorithm, predicts bound water mo...

Tritium released into the environment may be incorporated into organic matter. Organically bound tritium in that case will show retention times in organisms that are considerably longer than those of tritiated water which has significant consequences on dose estimates. This article reviews the most important processes of organically bound tritium production and transport through food networks. ...

A structural characterization of bound water molecules in ribonuclease T1 (RNase T1) was carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation. Amide protons of residues Trp59, Leu62, Tyr68 and Phe100 were found to cross-relax with protons of bound waters. Molecular dynamics simulations of the 120 water molecules observed in the free form of the crystal struct...

The dynamics of water confined in various self-assembled liquid-crystalline phases of the system Dimodan U/J–R(+)-limonene–water have been investigated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) over a wide range of frequencies (0.2 # n/GHz # 50). For all phases, two water-related Debye processes were detected, one slightly slower, the other considerably slower, than bulk water. Besides these ...

Hydration is a major determinant of activity and selectivity of enzymes in organic solvents or in gas phase. The molecular mechanism of the hydration of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) and its dependence on the thermodynamic activity of water (a(w)) was studied by molecular dynamics simulations and compared to experimentally determined water sorption isotherms. Hydration occurred in two phas...

In order to study the effects of desiccation on a photosynthetic system, light harvesting and light-induced electron transport processes were examined in pea cotyledons at various moisture levels, using in vivo fluorescence excitation spectra and fluorescence induction kinetics. Water sorption isotherms yielded thermodynamic data that suggested very strong water binding between 4 to 11% water, ...