Blood transfusion is being practiced for centuries for saving life of human beings and animals. Richard Lower in 1665 transfused the blood in a dog for the first time in the history [1]. With the help of latest techniques and equipment developed after 1950, blood transfusion became more popular in veterinary medicine [2,3]. Blood transfusion has made considerable advancements in veterinary medi...

This chapter highlights the diversity of invertebrate hemoglobin structures, and gathers together up of 100 years of research data. Among invertebrates, annelid hemoglobin structures have been the most widely studied, probably due to their typical symmetric shapes and sizes that allow direct observations to be made using transmission electron microscopy. Hemoglobin seems to be present in all ph...

abstractbackground: fetal bovine serum (fbs) is widely used in cell culture laboratories,risk of zoonotic infections and allergic side effects create obstacles for its use inclinical trials. therefore, an alternative supplement with proper inherent growthpromotingactivities is demanded.objective: to find fbs substitute, we tested human umbilical cord blood serum(hucs) for proliferation of human...

Cavernous hemngiomas are the most frequent tumor in the orbit in adults. Static scintigraphy with To-99m-labeled red blood cells enables visualization of the increased blood volume of such lesions. Blood-pool imaging clearly demonstrates the lesions. The "perfusion" vascularity mismatch" is typical of hemangiomas, reflecting the low regional blood flow and large volume of the lesion. Cryoextrac...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of a low-sodium and high-potassium salt-substitute on lowering blood pressure (BP) among Tibetans living at high altitude (4300 meters). METHOD The study was a patient-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted between February and May 2009 in Dangxiong County, Tibetan Autonomous Region, China. A total of 282 Tibetans aged 40 or older with known hypertens...

The procedures needed to reduce transfusion-associated adverse effects, especially those related to transfusion-transmitted diseases and leukocyte-mediated alloimmunization, have a great impact on the production cost of blood components. Additionally, blood transfusion has increased worldwide making the need for a safe substitute for blood evident. These products have been named artificial bloo...

26 Mosquito behavior is heavily influenced by the chemical molecules in the environment. 27 Modifying insect behavior by harnessing this knowledge to reduce vector-host contact is a 28 powerful method for disease prevention. N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is the most 29 widely used insect repellent on the market and an excellent example of a chemical that has been 30 used to modify insect be...

The onslaught of COVID 19 forced the closures schools, but upon their gradual reopening need for high quality substitute school teachers was at an all-time high. Although many districts were in well before pandemic struck, this disease illuminated fact that across nation short supply. In economic environment where other jobs may offer higher pay, more benefits, less stress, and professional res...