This review highlights important biomarkers in blood and dermal fluids, i.e. sweat interstitial fluid, envisions non-invasive monitoring of fluids critical health concerns drug therapy suitable for remote ambulatory monitoring.

Background: Infectious diseases such as ventilator- associated pneumonia (VAP) are one of the serious problems in intensive care units (ICU) of hospitals. To date, there has been no appropriate clinical and diagnostic marker for early detection of this disease. In this study, expression of PIK3R3 and ATp2A1 genes in patients with VAP were assessed to be used as biomarkers to identify and confir...

The goal of this preliminary proof-of-concept study was to use human protein microarrays to identify blood-based autoantibody biomarkers capable of diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS). Using sera from 112 subjects, including 51 MS subjects, autoantibody biomarkers effectively differentiated MS subjects from age- and gender-matched normal and breast cancer controls with 95.0% and 100% overall acc...

Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease would be very valuable because blood is a more accessible biofluid and is suitable for repeated sampling. However, currently there are no robust and reliable blood-based biomarkers for practical diagnosis. In this study we used a knowledge-based protein feature pool and two novel support vector machine embedded feature selection methods to find pan...

introduction ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap)  is one of the most serious and  prevalence of  complication  among patients in the intensive care unit nosocomial infections, which are often recognized after detecting symptoms. to date, there has been no proper clinical and diagnostic marker for early detection of this disease. in this study, two hcn4 and adam8 genes in patients with vap wer...

Background Blood-biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology have been investigated cross-sectionally in heterogenous AD cohorts and shown to detect underlying pathology, even at preclinical stages. However, longitudinal studies, including serial blood-biomarker measurements, are needed better understand whether these markers could help monitor progression. We aimed assess blood-biomarkers...

Traditionally, biomarkers have been of interest in sports in order to measure performance, progress in training and for identifying overtraining. During the last years, growing interest is set on biomarkers aiming at evaluating health-related aspects which can be modulated by regular physical activity and sport. The value or concentration of a biomarker depends on many factors, as the training ...

Background: With the development of new techniques, blood and other humoral biomarkers have become increasingly important in diagnosis sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). We aimed to review summarize associated with AKI.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness and the most common complex neuropsychiatric disorder. To date, the etiology of schizophrenia is unclear; consequently, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is controversial. Biomarkers that reflect the dysregulations observed in schizophrenia may potentially assist the diagnosis of the disorder. However, the majority of these biomarkers are found in the brain...