This paper proposes a new method of 2LSB embedding steganography in still images. The proposed method considers a single mismatch in each 2LSB embedding between the 2LSB of the pixel value and the 2-bits of the secret message, while the 2LSB replacement overwrites the 2LSB of the image’s pixel value with 2-bits of the secret message. The number of bit-changes needed for the proposed method is 0...

A multi-variable visualization technique on a 2D bitmap for big data is introduced. If A and B are two data points that are represented using two similar shapes with m pixels, where each shape is colored with RGB color of (0, 0, k), when A X B ‰ F, adding the color of A X B gives higher color as (0, 0, 2k) and the highlight as a high density cluster, where RGB stands for Red, Green, Blue and k ...

A 256 X 256 CMOS photo-gate active pixel image sensor is presented. The image sensor uses four MOS transistors within each pixel to buffer the photo-signal, enhance sensitivity, and suppress noise. The pixel size is 20 im X 20 jm and was implemented in a standard digital 0.9 pm single-polysilicon, double-metal, n-well CMOS process; leading to 25% fill-factor. Row and column decoders and counter...

Advances in computer graphics enable us to create digital images of astonishing complexity and realism. However, processing resources are still a limiting factor. Hence, many costly but desirable aspects of realism are often not accounted for, including global illumination, accurate depth of field and motion blur, spectral effects, etc. especially in real-time rendering. At the same time, there...

In this paper, we describe a new higher-order steganalytic method called Pairs Analysis for detection of secret messages embedded in digital images. Although the approach is in principle applicable to many different steganographic methods as well as image formats, it is ideally suited to 8-bit images, such as GIF images, where message bits are embedded in LSBs of indices to an ordered palette. ...

A color-mapped image or indexed image manages the color information by maintaining a table with a limited number of colors [1], [2]. The information stored in each pixel is the relative index to a color in that table (Figure 1). Using indexed colors usually greatly reduces size of image files (as each pixel uses only a few bits to refer to a space in the color table, rather than many bits to re...

Predictive coding has proven to be effective for lossless image compression. Predictive coding estimates a pixel color value based on the pixel color values of its neighboring pixels. To enhance the accuracy of the estimation, we propose a new and simple predictive coding that estimates the pixel color value based on the quantized pixel colors of three neighboring pixels. The prediction scheme ...

We develop a Wyner-Ziv still image codec with decoder feedback, based on a Rate Compatible Punctured Turbo (RCPT) code. Within this framework, two methods of pairing source data with side information are compared and found to be similar in performance. The architecture is modified into a Wyner-Ziv image codec with rate estimation at the encoder. The proposed rate estimator is the mean of the tu...

The dynamic range and the number of gray levels, gamma s, required for digital mammography has been evaluated using an energy transport model. The effects of molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) target spectra and the energy-dependent attenuation by elemental filters, breast tissue, and a phosphor screen were included in the model. For detectors with ideal optical coupling and no inherent detector ...