To the Editor: The use of antidepressants in bipolar disorder remains controversial with respect to whether, and when, they may destabilize mood and worsen clinical course. Despite previously identified links between suicide attempts and the proportion of time spent with depression in bipolar disorder,1 few longitudinal studies have examined the relationship between antidepressant use and suici...

Bipolar disorder is a brain illness that causes mood, energy, and ability to function variations. patients have extreme emotional states often occur over period of days weeks, referred as mood episodes. Manic/hypomanic (abnormally cheerful or angry mood) depressed (sad episodes are classified. People with bipolar frequently periods neutral mood. can live long productive lives if they treated. T...

Introduction: Bipolar Spectrum Disorders include a variety of mood disorders from bipolar II disorder to conditions characterized by hyperthymic mood states. It has been suggested that psychosocial factors also play an important role in bipolar disorders, in this study we have used social network analysis in order to better understand the social positions of those affected by bipolar spectrum d...

BACKGROUND Women with bipolar disorder have a high risk of relapse following childbirth. The risk of relapse can be reduced by mood stabilisers, but they are potentially harmful to the developing fetus. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to provide an up-to-date review of the strategies for managing women with bipolar disorder over the perinatal period. DISCUSSION Discussing the ris...

OBJECTIVE The loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) is suggested to be a marker of serotonin system function. This study explored the LDAEP of multiple mood statuses (depression, mania, and euthymia) and its clinical implication in bipolar disorder patients. METHODS A total of 89 subjects, comprising 35 patients with bipolar disorder, 32 patients with schizophrenia, and...

In this article, we review findings on the role of negative cognitive styles and information processing biases as cognitive vulnerabilities to unipolar and bipolar mood disorders. We first briefly describe the cognitive theories of unipolar depression and the logic of their extension to bipolar disorders, as well as methodological issues involved in conducting vulnerability research, particular...

BACKGROUND Offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, by virtue of their high-risk status for developing bipolar disorder, merit an investigation of the efficacy of treatment with mood stabilizers. Behavioral and mood difficulties in this population may represent prodromal forms of bipolar disorder. We studied the efficacy of divalproex in treating child and adolescent bipolar offspring with m...

introduction: bipolar spectrum disorders include a variety of mood disorders from bipolar ii disorder to conditions characterized by hyperthymic mood states. it has been suggested that psychosocial factors also play an important role in bipolar disorders, in this study we have used social network analysis in order to better understand the social positions of those affected by bipolar spectrum d...

According to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, bipolar disorder (bipolar affective disorder, manic-depressive disorder) is characterized by marked mood swings between mania (mood elevation) and depression. The essential feature of bipolar I disorder (BDI) is a clinical course that is defined by the occurrence of 1 or more manic or mixed episodes; the essential feature of bipolar II disorder (BDII) is...