Distinguishing between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder is important because there are differences in the optimal management of these conditions. Antidepressant treatment of bipolar depression (BPD) can adversely affect long-term prognosis by causing destabilization of mood and more frequent depressive episodes, and can lead to the development of treatment resistance. Most p...

The Kraepelinian dichotomy sees schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as two distinctly separate diseases each with its own pathogenesis and disease process. This study looks at the difference between patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in terms of suicidal behaviour. Both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been identified as significant risk factors for suicide, while bipolar an...

background:  depression is the world’s fourth most prevalent health problem which is ‎associated with substantial mortality, direct medical cost, diminished life quality, and ‎significant physical and psychosocial impairment. this study aimed to investigate the ‎effect of psycho-educational intervention on the life quality of major depressive patients.‎ materials and methods:  sixty patients wh...

ôbjective: this study explored the therapeutic outcomes of psychodynamic psychotherapy for major depressive disorder (mdd) in comparison with pharmacotherapy. methods: the focus of psychodynamic psychotherapy was on the superego pathology and its developmental backgrounds, while pharmacotherapy was done using ssrïs. â sample of 50 mdd patients was randomly selected by clinical interview using d...

background major depressive disorder (mdd) is the most common disorder in our community. hypericum perforatumm, is a herb with a long application history in treating depression. a controlled study to evaluate the effects of this herbal medicine in iran did not exist. objectives this study aimed to assess the effect of hypericum perforatom (perforan), in combination with tricyclic antidepressant...

BACKGROUND According to some studies, almost 40% of depressive patients - half of them previously undetected - are diagnosed of bipolar II disorder when systematically assessed for hypomania. Thus, instruments for bipolar disorder screening are needed. The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) is a self-reported questionnaire validated in Spanish in stable patients with a previously known diagnosis...

BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is complex and can be difficult to diagnose. It is often misdiagnosed as recurrent major depressive disorder. AIMS We had three main aims. To estimate the proportion of primary care patients with a working diagnosis of unipolar depression who satisfy DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder. To test two screening instruments for bipolar disorder (the Hypomania Checklis...

OBJECTIVES To examine the feasibility of collecting course of illness data from patients with bipolar I and II disorder, using weekly text-messaged mood ratings, and to examine the time trajectory of symptom ratings based on this method of self-report. METHODS A total of 62 patients with bipolar I (n = 47) or II (n = 15) disorder provided mood data in response to weekly cell phone text messag...

SUMMARY The new diagnostic category in the Depressive Disorders chapter of DSM-5 entitled 'Major Depressive Disorder With Mixed Features' is applied to individuals who meet criteria for Major Depressive Disorder and have concurrent subsyndromal hypomanic or manic symptoms. But the operational definition of this new specifier is much closer to that of hypomania and mania than to the definition o...