The objective of our study is to implicate the mechanisms tolerance abiotic stress by synthesis metabolites in biotic stress. extracted metabolites; proline, sugars and polyphenols from durum wheat seedlings subjected heat shock (40 °C), used test antifungal activity on two fungal strains, powdery mildew penicillium, under controlled conditions. boussellam variety more tolerant applied than Cic...

plants face many biotic and abiotic stresses at the same time during their growth under field conditions. plants responses toward combined stresses are often more complex than their responses to one type of stress in a way that the results of these responses are called as cross tolerance. this mixture of stresses activates specific models of gene expression that causes special signaling network...

Over time plants developed complex mechanisms in order to adapt themselves to the environment. Plant innate immunity is one of the most important mechanisms for the environmental adaptation. A myriad of secondary metabolites with nutraceutical features are produced by the plant immune system in order to get adaptation to new environments that provoke stress (stressors). Hormesis is a phenomenon...

Identifying key information in transcriptomic data is very important, especially when the "omic" study deals with plant responses to stresses in field conditions where a high number of variables and disturbing factors may affect the analysis. In this meta-analysis we collected 12 transcriptomic works in Malus in order to identify which key genes, proteins, gene categories are involved in genera...

Calcium ions are predicted to be key signaling entities during biotic interactions, with calcium signaling forming an established part of the plant defense response to microbial elicitors and to wounding caused by chewing insects, eliciting systemic calcium signals in plants. However, the role of calcium in vivo during biotic stress is still unclear. This protocol describes the use of a genetic...

Melon (Cucumis melo. L) is not only an economically important cucurbitaceous crop but also an attractive model for studying many biological characteristics. Screening appropriate reference genes is essential to reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), which is key to many studies involving gene expression analysis. In this study, 14 candidate reference genes were selected, an...

A detailed introduction to variogram analysis of reflectance data is provided, and variogram parameters (nugget, sill, and range values) were examined as possible indicators of abiotic (irrigation regime) and biotic (spider mite infestation) stressors. Reflectance data was acquired from 2 maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) at multiple time points in 2 data sets (229 hyperspectral images), and data fro...

Receptor-Like Kinase (RLK)/Pelle genes play roles ranging from growth regulation to defense response, and the dramatic expansion of this family has been postulated to be crucial for plant-specific adaptations. Despite this, little is known about the history of or the factors that contributed to the dramatic expansion of this gene family. In this study, we show that expansion coincided with the ...