Templates are used in the preoperative planning of many orthopaedic procedures. The magnification of the bones on preoperative radiographs can vary despite using standardised radiological techniques. Templates will give misleading measurements unless this magnification is quantified. A coin may be used to calculate the magnification, with significant improvement in the accuracy of templating (p...

BACKGROUND Flexible video bronchoscopes, in particular the Olympus BF Type 3C160, are commonly used in pediatric respiratory medicine. There is no data on the magnification and distortion effects of these bronchoscopes yet important clinical decisions are made from the images. The aim of this study was to systematically describe the magnification and distortion of flexible bronchoscope images t...

It is well known, that online neural gas (NG) possesses a magnification exponent different from the information theoretically optimum one in adaptive map formation. The exponent can explicitely be controlled by a small change of the learning algorithm. Batch NG constitutes a fast alternative optimization scheme for NG vector quantizers which possesses the same magnification factor as standard o...

The magnification behaviour of a generalized family of self-organizing feature maps, the Winner Relaxing and Winner Enhancing Kohonen algorithms is analyzed by the magnification law in the one-dimensional case, which can be obtained analytically. The Winner-Enhancing case allows to acheive a magnification exponent of one and therefore provides optimal mapping in the sense of information theory....

BACKGROUND The authors conducted a study aimed to assess the awareness and attitude among dental students and residents at King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry (KAUFD) toward using dental magnification. METHODS An e-questionnaire was formulated then sent to dental students and residents (n = 651). The questionnaire included questions that assessed both the awareness and attitude to...

A distinct body of literature supports the association between clinical postures of the dental practitioner and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD). Several aids or devices have been tested to improve clinical posture in the interest of decreasing WRMD. The use of magnification lenses while performing dental procedures may increase the quality of work and decrease the likelihood of mu...

We consider the effect of lensing magnification on high redshift sources in the case that magnification varies on the sky, as expected in wide fields of view or within observed galaxy clusters. We give expressions for number counts, flux and flux variance as integrals over the probability distribution of the magnification. We obtain these through a simple mapping between averages over the obser...

Purpose: To demonstrate the corneal magnification using trypan blue in cataract surgery. Methods: Eight eyes of eight patients undergoing phacoemulsification with an intraocular lens implantation were enrolled in this study. After staining the anterior capsule with Trypan Blue 0.1% and performing the capsulorhexis, the excised anterior capsule was placed on the corneal surface. By observing and...

Vision researchers base their work on assumptions that lenses behave ideally. In practice the image formation process is complex and camera lenses have many non-ideal behaviors that can cause problems in simple vision tasks like color image analysis and range from focus. For example, unlike the ideal lens the refractive power of a real lens is actually a function of wavelength. This means that ...