Hyporheic zone reaction rates are highest just below the sediment-water interface, in a shallow region called benthic biolayer. Vertical variability of hyporheic leads to unexpected kinetics for stream-borne solutes, compared classical model predictions. We show that deeper, low-reactivity locations within retain solutes extended periods, which delays reactions and causes persist at higher conc...

Background Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are two of the strongest genetic risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but while their interplay in microglial response to AD pathology is hotly studied, surprisingly little known about mechanism by which variants impair this role. Method To define structural AD-associated TREM2-ApoE ...

A guided-mode resonance (GMR) sensor with multiple resonant modes is used to measure the collection of biomolecules on surface and index refraction environment (bulk). The number variables that can be monitored (biolayer refraction, biolayer thickness, bulk, or background, refraction) determined by supported are sensitive changes in these variable values. we use has a grating homogeneous layer,...

Abstract Background Anti-angiogenic therapy has been widely applied to the clinical treatment of malignant tumors. However, efficacy such treatments called into question, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Bevacizumab, first anti-angiogenic agent approved by FDA, actually increases invasive and metastatic properties TNBC cells, resulting from activation Wnt/?-catenin signaling ...

Label-free optical biosensors are powerful tools in drug discovery for the characterization of biomolecular interactions. In this study, we describe the use of four routinely used biosensor platforms in our laboratory to evaluate the binding affinity and kinetics of ten high-affinity monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9). While both Bia...

The apoAI mimetic 4F was designed to inhibit atherosclerosis by improving HDL. We reported that treating tight skin (Tsk(-/+)) mice, a model of systemic sclerosis (SSc), with 4F decreases inflammation and restores angiogenic potential in Tsk(-/+) hearts. Interferon regulating factor 5 (IRF5) is important in autoimmunity and apoptosis in immune cells. However, no studies were performed investiga...

β-Amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is widely accepted to be critical to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current efforts at reducing toxic Aβ40 or 42 have largely focused on modulating γ-secretase activity to produce shorter, less toxic Aβ, while attempting to spare other secretase functions. In this paper we provide data that offer the potential for a new approach for the tre...

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) has an unusually long serum half-life in comparison to proteins of a similar size. It is well-known that this phenomenon is due to IgG's ability to bind the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in a pH-dependent manner. FcRn binding properties can vary among IgGs, resulting in altered in vivo half-lives, and therefore it would be beneficial to accurately predict the FcRn binding p...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes microvascular barrier disruption, leading to albumin leakage from microvessels resulting in a range of disastrous sequels. Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is a major water-soluble component derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Previous studies showed its potential to attenuate microvascular barrier dysfunction, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. The pre...

The developmental cycle of the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 is controlled in part by the small non-coding RNA (sRNA), IhtA. All Chlamydia alternate in a regulated fashion between the infectious elementary body (EB) and the replicative reticulate body (RB) which asynchronously re-differentiates back to the terminal EB form at the end of the cycle. The histone ...