Biofouling is a serious problem in the food industry, and one way to control biofouling using topographically patterned surfaces. This vitro study used laser surface texturing process produce six differently topographies which were analysed for their topography wettability with repeated fouling cleaning. The surfaces spray-inoculated Staphylococcus aureus suspended either sterile distilled wate...

Fouling due to biofilms composed primarily of microorganisms and extracellular polymeric substances is a significant hindrance to membrane filtration in water treatment. The goal of this work was to use a reactive membrane surface to reduce membrane biofouling by coating a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane with the nanoparticulate photocatalyst, TiO2. 10-Day biofilm growth experiments were condu...

flora and fauna of rocky coastal habitats are versatile in adapting to the prevalent tidal fluctuations. the current study was undertaken to evaluate the diversity of fouling and associated species around the port blair coastal areas of andaman and nicobar islands. except tss, the hydrographical parameters (temperature, salinity, ph and dissolved oxygen) did not significantly vary among the 5 s...

Nowadays, forward osmosis (FO) with many advantages in water treatment, are so attractive for researchers and investigators that the studies are going to optimize and increase its efficiency. However one of the most controversial operating malfunctions of FO process is fouling that limits the FO global application. In the following research, vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) on alumina...

Against the backdrop of increasing energy demands, the threat of climate change and dwindling fuel reserves, finding reliable, diverse, sustainable/renewable, affordable energy resources has become a priority for many countries. Marine energy conversion systems are at the forefront of providing such a resource. Most marine renewable energy conversion systems require tribological components to c...

Mussels are opportunistic macrofouling organisms that can attach to most immersed solid surfaces, leading to serious economic and ecological consequences for the maritime and aquaculture industries. We demonstrate that lubricant-infused coatings exhibit very low preferential mussel attachment and ultralow adhesive strengths under both controlled laboratory conditions and in marine field studies...

a 2-year period a tenacious film formed. Daily free passage of sponge rubber balls through the tubing only removed the loose surface biofouling layer and was inadequate as a countermeasure in both titanium and aluminum alloy tubes. Chlorination at 0.05, 0.07, and 0.10 mg liter-' for 1 h day'1 lowered biofouling rates. Only at 0.10 mg liter-' was chlorine adequate over a 1-year period to keep fi...

BACKGROUND Recent biotechnological developments have resulted in increasing interest in immunology biomarkers. These biomarkers have potential clinical utility in the near future as predictors of treatment response. Hence, clinical validation of these predictive markers is critical. FINDINGS The process of clinically validating a predictive biomarker is reviewed. Validation of a predictive bi...