At present, technical hurdles remain in probing biochemical processes in living cells and organisms at nanometre spatial resolution, millisecond time resolution and with high specificity and single-molecule sensitivity. Owing to its unique shape, size and electrical properties, the nanopipette has been used to obtain high-resolution topographic images of live cells under physiological condition...

Evidence from published nuclear magnetic resonance studies of enzyme-substrate and enzyme-inhibitor systems systems shows that substrates are confined at the active site of the enzyme, have a relatively long residence time, and tumble in solution as an enzyme-substrate complex. The consequences of this "substrate anchoring" with regard to the catalytic power of enzymes are considered. It appear...

In this paper, biochemical process equations are presented as a basis for water quality modelling in rivers under aerobic and anoxic conditions. These equations are not new, but they summarise parts of the development over the past 75 years. The primary goals of the presentation are to stimulate communication among modellers and field-oriented researchers of river water quality and of wastewate...

The usefulness of Bayesian statistical methods for the modelling of biochemical reactions is examined. With simulated data, it is shown that these methods can effectively fit mechanistic models of sequences of enzymatic reactions to experimental data. These methods have the advantages of being relatively easy to use and producing probability distributions for the model parameters rather than po...

New crystallographic techniques make it possible to observe directly all of the intermediates in an enzymatic reaction. Such a series of structures can be combined to create a detailed movie of enzymatic catalysis.

micro total analysis systems (μ-TAS),1 or labs-on-a-chip,2 have become of major interest, especially to analytical chemists due to its desirable characteristics, such as reduction in reagent consumption, required space, and analysis time. Taking these advantages, we have demonstrated many applications, including flow-injection analysis,3,4 solvent extraction,5–7 immunoassay,8,9 organic synthesi...

This communication describes a mild construction of hybrid hydrogels with supramolecular-polymeric networks via a dual enzymatic reaction.

A unique and programmable peptide self-assembling system has been fabricated by using poly(ethylene glycol)-attached amphiphilic oligopeptide, which shows rapid self-assembly into well-organized beta-sheet nanofibers in response to an enzymatic reaction.

The assessment of genome function requires a mapping between genome-derived entities and biochemical reactions, and the biomedical literature represents a rich source of information about reactions between biological components. However, the increasingly rapid growth in the volume of literature provides both a challenge and an opportunity for researchers to isolate information about reactions o...

This chapter discusses progress over the past 15 years in understanding the role of protein dynamics in enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions. Research has shown that protein motion on all timescales from femtoseconds to milliseconds can contribute to function, and in particular in some enzymes there are sub-picosecond motions, on the same timescale as barrier passage, the couple directly ...