two multivariate calibration methods are compared for the simultaneous chromatographic determination and separation of sulfamethoxazole (smx) and phthalazine (phz) by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). multivariate calibration techniques such as classical least squares (cls) and inverse least squares (ils) were introduced into hplc to determine the quantification by using uv detecto...

this study evaluates the discriminative power of sequential spectrum analysis of the short-term electrocardiogram (ecg) time series in separating normal and subjects with life threatening arrhythmias like, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (vt/vf). the raw ecg time series is transformed into a series of binary symbols and the binary occupancy or relative distribution of mono-sequences (i.e. ...

This study evaluates the discriminative power of sequential spectrum analysis of the short-term electrocardiogram (ECG) time series in separating normal and subjects with life threatening arrhythmias like, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF). The raw ECG time series is transformed into a series of binary symbols and the binary occupancy or relative distribution of mono-sequences (i.e. ...

in this paper, an efficient and comprehensive hybrid intelligent technique for the optimal placement of phasor measurement units (pmus) is proposed to minimize the number of pmu installation subjected to full network observability. three main purposes of pmus output synchronous measurements are monitoring, control, and protection of power system. we have combined binary imperialistic competitio...

in this paper we propose a new method for classification of subjects into schizophrenia and control groups using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) data. in the preprocessing step, the number of fmri time points is reduced using principal component analysis (pca). then, independent component analysis (ica) is used for further data analysis. it estimates independent components (ics) of...

There are two well known transformations from non-binary constraints to binary constraints applicable to constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) with finite domains: the dual transformation and the hidden (variable) transformation. We perform a detailed formal comparison of these two transformations. Our comparison focuses on two backtracking algorithms that maintain a local consistency propert...

Physical collisions between stars occur frequently in dense star clusters, either via close encounters between two single stars, or during strong dynamical interactions involving binary stars. Here we study stellar collisions that occur during binary–single and binary–binary interactions, by performing numerical scattering experiments. Our results include cross sections, branching ratios, and s...

in a structural time series regression model, binary variables have been used to quantify qualitative or categorical quantitative events such as politic and economic structural breaks, regions, age groups and etc. the use of the binary dummy variables is not reasonable because the effect of an event decreases (increases) gradually over time not at once. the simple and basic idea in this paper i...

Example 9.1. Here are some relationships that might hold between two real numbers x and y: x is less than y, abbreviated x < y. Similarly x ≤ y, x ≥ y and x > y. y is the square of x, which is abbreviated by y = x, x is within ε of y. Here ε ≥ 0 and this relationship means |x− y| ≤ ε. y is the image of x under f , where f is a function from R to R. This relationship is abbreviated y = f(x). Not...

The complexation reaction between hydroxyl ammonium (HONH3+ ) cation with 18-crown-6 (18C6) ligand was studied in dimethylsulfoxide – water (DMSO-H2O), methanol – water (MeOH-H2O) and dimethylformamid – methanol (DMF-MeOH), binary solutions at different temperatures using conductometric method. The obtained results show that the stoichiometry of t...