Determining both bilirubin's concentration and its spatial distribution are important in disease diagnosis. Here, for the first time, we applied quantitative multiwavelength photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) to detect bilirubin concentration and distribution simultaneously. By measuring tissue-mimicking phantoms with different bilirubin concentrations, we showed that the root-mean-square error of ...

Elevations in serum bilirubin during drug treatment may indicate global liver dysfunction and a high risk of liver failure. However, drugs also can increase serum bilirubin in the absence of hepatic injury by inhibiting specific enzymes/transporters. We constructed a mechanistic model of bilirubin disposition based on known functional polymorphisms in bilirubin metabolism/transport. Using physi...

BACKGROUND Bilirubin has been recognized as an anti-oxidant. The purpose of this study was to examine whether bilirubin would act as an antioxidant for surgical stress in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum bilirubin and urinary bilirubin oxidative metabolites (BOM) were measured in 96 patients who underwent surgery. The antioxidant activity of bilirubin was assessed using BOM measured by enz...

Bilirubin, an abundant pigment that causes jaundice, has long lacked any clear physiologic role. It arises from enzymatic reduction by biliverdin reductase of biliverdin, a product of heme oxygenase activity. Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant that we show can protect cells from a 10,000-fold excess of H2O2. We report that bilirubin is a major physiologic antioxidant cytoprotectant. Thus, cellul...

Binding of bilirubin with mitochondria, mitochondrial membranes, various cells, and cellular fragments resulted in a hypochromicity with a red shift of the absorption spectrum of bilirubin. It was found that the mitochondrial lipids rather than the proteins were involved in the binding. Isolated mitochondrial lipid and lipids from various other sources caused similar spectral changes of the bil...

background: hyperbilirubinemia is a common physiological problem in approximately 80% of preterm infants during the first week after birth. increase in bowel movements reduces enterohepatic circulation and increases bilirubin excretion. aim: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of field massage technique on bilirubin level and the number of defecations in preterm infants method: this clinic...

Bilirubin, the end-product of heme catabolism, circulates in non-pathological plasma mostly as a protein-bound species. When bilirubin concentration builds up, the free fraction of the molecule increases. Unbound bilirubin then diffuses across blood-brain interfaces (BBIs) into the brain, where it accumulates and exerts neurotoxic effects. In this classical view of bilirubin neurotoxicity, BBIs...

In hepatobiliary disease and biliary obstruction, bilirubin often becomes covalently bound to albumin circulating in serum, producing a nondissociable complex. To determine how long this complexed bilirubin remains in the circulation, we compared the metabolic clearance of bilirubin-albumin complexes with the clearances of free bilirubin and unmodified albumin. Radiolabeled bilirubin, albumin, ...

Background: Despite observed post Sulfur Mustard (SM) exposure hemolysis, serum bilirubin concentration doesn’t significantly increase in SM-exposed casualties. The concentration of serum bilirubin can be related to serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. Objectives: In this study, the relationship between the serum levels of Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, Tumor Necrotizing Factor (TNF)-α ...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that unconjugated bilirubin is equally distributed over the albumin molecules present in fetal blood and amniotic fluid in Rhesus (Rh) immunization. METHODS Molar concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin and albumin were measured in fetal blood and amniotic fluid samples, obtained before the first intrauterine transfusion in 30 nonhydropic, anti-D-alloimmunize...