BACKGROUND The goal of the present study is to analyze the prevalence of bidirectional psychological and physical aggression in intimate partner relationships using the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2), and to determine the influence of the variables age and relationship duration. METHOD The participants were 3,578 heterosexual couples from the Region of Madrid. RESULTS Bidirectional aggressi...

MERIS Level 2 surface reflectance products are now available to the scientific community. This paper demonstrates the production of MERIS-derived surface albedo and Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) adjusted reflectances by coupling the MERIS data with MODIS BRDF products. Initial efforts rely on the specification of surface anisotropy as provided by the global MODIS ...

Article history: Received 17 June 2016 Received in revised form 29 May 2017 Accepted 30 May 2017 Available online 22 August 2017

The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is used to characterize the directional properties of surface reflectance, but the most recent standardized definition fails to address some important aspects for the structured and varying surfaces encountered in remote sensing. This article proposes an updated definition of BRDF that is applicable for such surfaces. The updated defini...

A bidirectional transformation on a pair of sets of models induces two principal equivalence relations on each set of models. Since a model can be uniquely identified by specifying its equivalence class in each of these relations, they function as a coordinate system for the model sets, with respect to the transformation. We prove some results relating to this observation. Using them we give th...

Recently, we showed that for traditional bidirectional search with "front-to-end" evaluations, it is not the meeting of search fronts but the cost of proving the optimality of a solution that is problematic. Using our improved understanding of the problem, we developed a new approach to improving this kind of search: switching to unidirectional search after the search frontiers meet for the fir...

The power of belief networks lies in its connective edges where the influences are bidirectional. While Bayesian methods capture bidirectional influences, we propose a simpler and faster method of inferencing from nodal observations that uses bidirectional fuzzy influences that are propagated via fuzzy set membership functions. We need neither the conditional probability tables nor constraining...

In this paper we study the bidirectional shufjenet topology, which is obtained from the well-konwn (unidirectional) :huflenet by considering bidirectional knks. More specifically, we define a shortest-path routing algorithm, and derive the diameter and the average distance of the topology. The bidirectional shufjenet is then compared, in terms of average distance, with other variations of the p...

Gradient-domain path tracing has recently been introduced as an efficient realistic image synthesis algorithm. This paper introduces a bidirectional gradient-domain sampler that outperforms traditional bidirectional path tracing often by a factor of two to five in terms of squared error at equal render time. It also improves over unidirectional gradient-domain path tracing in challenging visibi...