A graphoidal cover of a graph G is a collection ψ of (not necessarily open) paths in G such that every path in ψ has at least two vertices, every vertex of G is an internal vertex of at most one path in ψ and every edge of G is in exactly one path in ψ. The minimum cardinality of a graphoidal cover of G is called the graphoidal covering number of G and is denoted by η(G) or η. Also, If every me...

In 1869, Jordan proved that the set T of all finite groups can be represented as automorphism group a tree is containing trivial group, it closed under taken direct product lower orders in , and wreath member symmetric on n symbols again an element . The aim this paper to continue work another works by Klavik Zeman 2017 present class S for which each bicyclic graph minimal with property.

For a graph G = (V,E), the modified Schultz index of G is defined as S∗(G) = ∑ {u,v}⊆V (G) (dG(u) · dG(v))dG(u, v) where dG(u) (or d(u)) is the degree of the vertex u of G, and dG(u, v) is the distance between u and v. Let B(n) be the set of bicyclic graph with n vertices. In this paper, we study the modified Schultz index of B(n), graphs in B(n) with the smallest modified Schultz index S∗(G) a...